Huperzine A for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Chinese clinical trials show that Huperzine A significantly reduces the damage caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Chinese clinical trials show that Huperzine A significantly reduces the damage caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD).

A herbal medicine called Qian Ceng Ta that is prepared from Chinese club moss (Huperzia serrata) has been used for centuries in China to treat colds, fever, inflammation, pain, and irregular menstrual cycles. Huperzine A, an alkaloid isolated from Chinese club moss, has recently been used for treating dementia and myasthenia gravis in China. It is available in the U.S. in supplements promoted as memory enhancers.

Clinical Trials

A number of animal studies have documented that huperzine A is a long acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with greater potency than tacrine or donepezil, two cholinesterase inhibitors approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Huperzine A also appears to decrease neuronal cell death in the brain. Well designed human trials with huperzine A have not been published in the Western medical literature. Four clinical trials have been published in China, where it has been approved for treating dementia for many years. One of these studies was an 8 week, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of 103 patients with AD. Among patients who took 200 mcg of huperzine A twice daily, 58% improved in memory, cognition, behavior and function, compared to 36% of patients who took placebo. A derivative of huperzine A, huprine X, is also currently of interest for the treatment of AD.

Adverse Effects

No serious side effects have been reported with huperzine A. As a result of greater selectivity for central acetylcholinesterase, huperzine A may cause fewer cholinergic side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia) than tacrine, donepezil or rivastigmine. Bradycardia was reported in one clinical trial. Individuals with heart conditions should not use huperzine A without guidance from a physician. Possible contraindications include sick sinus syndrome and bradycardia. As an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, huperzine A can be expected to interact with cholinergic agonists, anticholinergic drugs, and the muscle relaxant, succinylcholine.


 


Dosage

Usual doses of huperzine A, which is extracted and purified in China, range from 50 mcg to 200 mcg twice daily. A dose for huperzine A has not been established in domestic clinical trials.

Conclusion

If animal studies and the findings reported in the Chinese medical literature are confirmed in domestic clinical trials, huperzine A may offer a significant benefit in reducing the damage caused by AD, with fewer side effects than currently available agents.

Source: Rx Consultant newsletter article: Traditional Chinese Medicine The Western Use of Chinese Herbs by Paul C. Wong, PharmD, CGP and Ron Finley, RPh

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). Huperzine A for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/alternative-mental-health/alzheimers/huperzine-a-for-treatment-of-alzheimers-disease

Last Updated: May 8, 2019

People

ENJOY BETTER RELATIONSHIPS at home and at work (and everywhere in between) by applying practical principles from the People section of  Self-Help Stuff That Works. Click on a title below and begin.  

Complaint Compunctions

It might be a good idea to post this one at work. Help end the popular hobby of negative venting.
The Bad Apples One chapter that Dale Carnegie left out of his classic book on Winning Friends was how to deal with people who don't want things to work.

Confidence With People

Many people lack confidence when first getting to know someone, especially someone of the opposite sex. Find out what you can do to increase your feelings of confidence.

Your Inner Guide to Self-Esteem

The desire to increase your child's self-esteem is good; but make sure you're using a method that won't make the child a social outcast.

How to Have More Life in Your Time

Here is a simple thing you can do to have more walks at sunset, more good conversations with people you love, and more life in the time you have.

Here Comes the Judge

Cure yourself of one of the barriers you keep between you and other people.

Attitudes and Kin

Here's what to do when someone in your family brings you down.

The Power of Listening

The finest and most productive of all "spiritual" disciplines.

The Conflict of Honesty

How to deal with the discomfort of conflict that honesty can create.

Too Polite?

Does it seem like the wishes of others get more of your attention than you're own wishes? Maybe you're too polite.

TRUE Love

Honesty is an extremely important practice in an intimate relationship.

Make Your Own Labels

The way you dress and talk, your posture and attitude tells other people who you are and how they should treat you.

Play Yourself Down

Read this carefully if you are getting more criticism than you feel is justified.

How to Avoid Feeling Socially Awkward

At parties or meeting new people, it is common to feel uncomfortable and awkward. Here is a way out of that discomfort.

How to Find a Lifemate

If you're single and want to find someone with whom you can spend your life happily, this is the chapter for you.

Necessary Conflict

How your children turn out is largely up to you. Here is a key principle for child raising.

Mastery

One way to raise your child's self-esteem will result in your child's depression later in life. Find out how to avoid that.

Elicit Your Own Acknowledgement

Do you feel that you're not getting enough appreciation for your good efforts? This is the chapter for you.

Refuse to Flinch

If you think you're shy, or if you would like to be bolder or more comfortable around people, check this out.

Forging Mettle

Friendship and trustworthiness are two fundamentals to a life well-lived. Discover the principles to achieve these golden rewards.

Very Impressive

Why is it important to make a good impression? Because human brains aren't perfect and are biased by our earliest conclusions.

Danger

Expressing anger has a good reputation. Too bad. Anger is one of the most destructive emotions we experience, and its expression is dangerous to our relationships.

E-Squared

How to be here now. This is mindfulness from the East applied to reality in the West.

Send a Blessing

There may be evidence that prayer may actually have medical benefits, even if the prayed-for doesn't know it's happening.

Personality Myth

It is unnecessarily limiting to label yourself shy, outgoing, Aries, Taurus, strong, weak, or any other label. Be your true, flexible self and you'll be better off.

How You Measure Up

Comparisons are natural. Indeed, you can't really help it. But you can direct it in a way that enhances your relationships, even making you feel better about people you haven't even met yet.

To Zip or Not to Zip

Would you like to improve your ability to connect with people? Would you like to be a more complete listener? Check this out.

Is That Clear?

If you are a manager or a parent, here's how to prevent people from misunderstanding you. Here's how to make sure things get done the way you want.

We're Family

Most the people in the world are strangers to you. Here's how to increase your feeling of connectedness to those strangers.

Suggestive Moves

You can make the world go more the way you want by following this simple suggestion.

Take the Sting Out

Is it necessary to criticize people? Is there a way to avoid the pain involved?

How to Melt Hard Feelings

If you have hard feelings between you and another person, you ought to read this.

How to Be Close to Your Friends

Close friends are probably the most important contributor to your lifetime's happiness and your health.

The Power of a Poker Face

Being able to express your feelings is an important part of intimate communication. But there are times and places where the ability to mask your feelings is important too.

How to Get What You Want From Others

Here's how to create a spirit of willing cooperation in the people you work with and live with.

Right Makes Might

What you think about someone else tends to influence them and it alters what you see about them. Take control of this important function of your mind and your relationships will improve.

 


 


Do you like interviews? Here's some questions and answers with the author in an interview-like format:
FAQs

See what the author looks like:
Author

Trying to get rid of negative thoughts? Think again! Learn how to do it here:
Think Positively Positively

Do you feel overwhelmed with things to do? Do you constantly feel that you don't have enough time? Check out:
Having the Time

next: Table Of Contents from the book Self-Help Stuff That Works

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). People, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/self-help/self-help-stuff-that-works/people

Last Updated: March 31, 2016

Life Letters: On Parenting

These life letters are short essays focusing on parenting - the love, fears, hopes and dreams that come with being a parent.

 the love, fears, hopes and dreams that come with being a parent.

Index:

next: Life Letters: On Rituals

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). Life Letters: On Parenting, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/alternative-mental-health/sageplace/life-letters-on-parenting

Last Updated: January 14, 2014

Narcissists are Never Happy - Excerpts Part 30

Excerpts from the Archives of the Narcissism List Part 30

  1. Narcissists are Never Happy

1. Narcissists are Never Happy

Narcissists are never happy.

They are euphoric, elated, or manic - but never happy.

Happiness is an amalgam of positive emotions.

Narcissists have very few positive emotions.

2. The Off-Handed Narcissist

Narcissists damage and hurt but they do so off-handedly, absent-mindedly, and naturally.

They are aware of what they do to others - but they do not care.

Sometimes, they sadistically taunt and torment people - but they do not perceive this to be evil - merely amusing.

They feel that they are entitled to their pleasure and gratification (narcissistic supply is often obtained by subjugating and subsuming others).

They feel that others are less than human, mere extensions of the narcissist, or instruments to fulfil the narcissist's wishes and obey his often capricious commends.

After all, no evil can be done to machines, instruments, or extensions.

3. Being Embarrassed

One can embarrass only those who collaborate in their own embarrassment.

I am not embarrassed by anything I am - and everything I did is what I became.

I am what I did. How can I be embarrassed by my very being? Isn't this what narcissism is all about - a sense of shame, worthlessness, and embarrassment so overpowering that one stops being just in order not to feel ashamed?

4. Narcissists ARE Appearances

Narcissists ARE appearances. They derive their sense of self from the acceptance of their appearances and pretensions by others. Thus, first they settle on an appearance which best sustains their grandiosity and inflated sense of (false) self. Then they insist that others collaborate with them by pretending that the appearance were real. They react with rage and indignation in the face of "lack of collaboration" and "resistance". This is because their very cohesion and sense of self is threatened if there is no agreement regarding the appearance they choose. The appearance can be: "I am a great father and husband. Even my estranged ex-wife, her parents and my son think so. They continue to think so even following a painful divorce. Nothing - not even my awful behaviour - seems to change their minds about my perfection as a father and a mate. This proves that I do exist and that I AM a wonderful, unprecedented father and partner." Puncture this pretension of his in a determined way - and he will vanish forever from your life.

5. Personal Incompatibility

Personal incompatibility is a stand-alone fact. It entails no apportioning of guilt or evocation of shame. It is the outcome of life itself. Taking into consideration the number of variables, it is a great miracle that any two people fit together, however loosely. Yes, marriages are miracles and, in this sense, they are really "made in heaven". Add to this the growing intolerance of others, the narcissism, the hedonism and the consumerism which characterize Western civilization. Mix in the wide field of alternatives that modern technologies bring us. And the end result is the demise of long term commitment and relationships. This is the soundbite age, the era of virtual sex, the shortest term attention span ever. Individualism has gone cancerous and was replaced by Malignant Self Love. The result? Narcissism Revisited by everyone involved.

You are victim to forces which re-shape whole societies. It is not your fault that you are living here and now. Half of all marriages dissolve in the first few years. One third of all children are born to single mothers. People are withdrawing, drawing their bridges, folding their communal tents. They interact via screens and handsets. They go wireless. They watch flickering images instead of watching each other. They don't think or read or listen - they consume and gulp. And sex is just one other commodity to be traded for thrills and frills. Your wife belongs to this new zombie generation. You, young as you are, belong to another. There is and always was an abyss between you. You were misled by appearances (parents, church, social conservatism) into believing the wrong things about your wife. You were using the right nomenclature but with the wrong map. Suddenly you found yourself stranded on a terra incognita, a Crusoe without a Friday, scouring the horizon for the one ship that will never visit your lonely island.




You rebel against this nightmare. You refuse to accept it, thinking that there MUST be SOMETHING you can do to resurrect your dead. You know there isn't. There is nothing you can do because you married a dead woman to begin with - a dead woman in quest of life, or, rather, in quest of the imitation of life. A woman who preferred pixel sex to real one, fantasy to reality, the future to the present, screen names to your name. You had nothing to offer to her. She was disinterested in your wares because they required her to taste life itself: work, children, a partnership forged in daily minutiae.

All this is not to say that you are an easy person to live with or that you are devoid of grandiosity, mildly sadistic vengefulness, and so on.

BUT, what I am trying to tell you is that your bad traits are more than balanced by very many good ones and that a woman-mate-partner with the right frame of mind would have sought to make use of the latter while ignoring or modifying the former. This is the kind of compromise that is called "being together".

6. People are Tired

People are tired. They carry their lives like trash bags to be disposed in a city without bins.

Communicating with people is sharing trash - rarely an uplifting experience and always a boring one.

Sex is a mode of communication.

People insist that THEIRS is no trash. That it is fragrant. That it is rich and varied. That it represents an investment in a bin-less future.

But it is a charade. A willing self-abnegation. A zombish suicide.

And then there are those whose eyes are peeled, cursed by their inability to pretend.

The olfactorily-challenged.

A damnation of truth-seeking and alienation. Hated by everyone, we wander, our hands empty, our minds ad astra.

We are no longer here.

We never have been.

7. The Rational Narcissist

The narcissist employs numerous defence mechanisms, including rationalization and intellectualization. Ratiocination is a reflexive activity of the narcissist. He tends to generalize on the basis of very flimsy evidence and jumps to exceedingly far fetched conclusions based on a chance behaviour. It leads, at times, to paranoid ideation or to being possessed to some degree by ideas of reference. Often, the narcissist - out of touch with both his own emotions (emotional defect) and the outside world (cognitive defect) - causally attributes unrelated events to one another. The narcissist is plagued by surreptitious magical thinking (see my FAQs). Unlike the schizotypal, his magical thinking is not expressed or manifest but rather is camouflaged as a kind of hyper-ration

alism or "logic gone amok".

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next: Excerpts from the Archives of the Narcissism List Part 31

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). Narcissists are Never Happy - Excerpts Part 30, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/personality-disorders/malignant-self-love/excerpts-from-the-archives-of-the-narcissism-list-part-30

Last Updated: June 1, 2016

In Jail - Excerpts Part 29

Excerpts from the Archives of the Narcissism List Part 29

  1. Here You are, Madam
  2. Human Supply
  3. The Time of the Narcissist
  4. Abuse
  5. Success
  6. Rejection

1. Here You are, Madam

I was detained for questioning in 1990. I remember the sweaty excitement of the movie-like setting, the "bad cop, good cop" routines and all the time I kept saying to myself "another adventure" and shivering even though it was pretty hot.

When I exited their headquarters after 8 days of 13 hours interrogations, my world was no more. I went back to our office and stared at the theatrical chaos left behind by the police search. The new computers were papered over. Disembowelled drawers lay all over the wall to wall carpets criss-crossed by sun rays and shades. My partners and I sifted through the paper ruins and burned the incriminating evidence on a big stake. After that we calculated the damage, split it between us equally, as we always did and said polite and hushed goodbyes. The company was closed.

It took me three years of social leprosy, rejection and economic malaise to recover. In the absence of sufficient money for a bus fare I walked huge distances to business meetings. People used to stare at the torn and worn soles of my shoes, at the big armpitted salt stains, at my crumpled, badly odd fashioned suits. They said no. They refused to do business with me. I had a bad name which got only worse by the day. Gradually, I learned to stay at home and read the broadsheets. My wife studied photography and music. Her friends were buoyant and vivacious and creative. They all looked so young and ready. I envied her and them and in my envy, I withdrew further until I almost was no more, a fuzzy stain on our shabby leather loveseat, off focus, a bad piece of motion picture, only without the motion.

Then, I established a firm and found myself an office in a low ceilinged attic above a manpower agency. People came and went below. Phones rang and I occupied myself in holding the shreds of my grandiose fantasies together. It was a miracle, an awesome sight, this ability of mine to lie even to myself.

In total denial, cooped there in the shadows of the damp and smelly attic, I was planning my revenge, my comeback, the nightmare that will be my dream.

In 1993, my wife had an affair. I overheard her hesitantly enquiring about a suggested venue. I loved her the way only a narcissist knows how to, the way a junkie loves his drugs. I was attached to her, I idealized and adored her and, sure enough, she lost weight, became a stunningly beautiful woman, mature, talented. I felt as though I invented her, as though she were my creation now desecrated by another. I knew that I lost her long before I found out. I detached myself from the pain that she was, from the envy that she provoked, from the life that she exuded. I was dead and in the manner of the Pharaohs, I wanted her to die with me in my self constructed tomb.

That night, we had a cold analysis (she crying, I opinionating), an even colder glass of wine each and some decisions reached, to stay together. And we did until I went to jail, two years later. There, in prison, she found the courage to abandon me or to free herself, depending on who tells the story.

In prison, I wrote a book of short stories, mostly about her and about my mother. It is a very painful book, it won awards, very unlike something a narcissist would ever write. It is the closest I ever got to feeling human or alive - and it very nearly killed me.

Propelled by the rude awakening, by blinding pain, that week I teamed up with a former business partner of mine and others and we embarked on a ferocious road which led us to riches in one year. I found an investor and we bought a company owned by the state in a privatization deal. I went on to buy factories, companies. In 12 months, I owned my "empire" with an annual turnover of 10 million USD. Business journals were now reporting my activities daily. I felt empty, vacuous.

One weekend, in a luxurious hotel in Eilat, the southern sea resort in Israel, naked, glistening with sweat and ointments, we agreed to give it all away. I came back and gave it all away, as gifts, to my business partners, no questions asked, no money changing hands. I felt free, they felt rich, that was it.

The last company I stayed involved with was the computer firm. Our original investor, a prominent and wealthy Jew, succeeded to get the Chairman of a huge conglomerate interested in our firm. They sent a team over to talk to me. I was not consulted regarding the timetables. I went on a vacation, to attend a film festival. They came, were unable to meet me and went back furious. I never turned back. That was the end of that company as well.

I was again in debt. I re-invented my life. I began to publish a capital markets fax-zine. But this is yet another story and not sufficiently different to warrant writing it.




It was all meaningless, it still is. A series of automatic gestures performed by another man, not me. I bought, I sold, I gave away, I heard her planning he romance over the phone, I poured a glass of deep red wine, I read the paper, glossing uncomprehending over the lines, the words, the syllables. A dreamy quality. Psychologists would say I acted out but I can't remember acting out - or in. I can't remember being at all. Definitely no emotions, perhaps the odd rage. It was so very unreal I never grieved. I let go as we politely give our place in a queue to an old lady and smile and say: "Here you are, Madam".

2. Human Supply

I know what is the value of narcissistic supply. I can measure it. I can weigh it. I can compare it and trade it and convert it. I have done it all my life more or less successfully.

Being human is a new experience.

The first time it happened, it was terrifying. It felt like disintegrating, like being annulled. Do you remember the Dali paintings (a swirl of molecules)? It felt the same.

This was when I was in prison and wrote my short stories.

Then it got better. I thought I had regained my narcissistic composure. My defences seemed to function again. I was protected.

Then I began doing these things. The book, the list, corresponding with thousands of people in need and helping them here and there.

Deep inside I know that narcissistic supply is a very inadequate - nay, poor - explanation.

But I don't know how to weigh this new factor. In what units to measure it. How to quantify it and trade it against the narcissistic supply lost in its acquisition. In economics it is called the "opportunity cost". You give up so much butter to manufacture so many guns. Only I gave up the guns. And now I am demilitarized and I am not sure that there is no enemy.

Coming back to the particular event:

I gave up a senior position with wide foreign media exposure. This is narcissistic supply. I have been there before. Giving it up was a price I paid.

To do WHAT?

To sit at home and correspond 16 hours a day with people. To help, to soothe, to cajole and chastise and preach. And this also sounds like narcissistic supply.

And it is.

But the transaction is skewed. I gave up a huge amount of very familiar narcissistic supply - for a small, amorphous amount of a new type of supply.

Bad business?

I am envious of what I could have been. I am enraged when I apply old, decrepit principles to new situations. And I say to myself: "Look what you missed. Look how you destroyed your life once more by ruining this new opportunity for yourself."

And then I say: "But look what you gained in return".

And I am appeased and content and full of energy again.

3. The Time of the Narcissist

I want to talk about Time and about Making It from an unusual angle: self defeating behaviours.

The first time I had sex was 25. It was so alien to me that I thought that sex was love and so I fell in love with my next sexual partner virtually overnight. I used to live in a monkish room with white walls, no paintings or decorations, army bed and one shelf with a few books. I was surrounded by my offices in a two story villa. The bedroom was at the end of a corridor and all around (and downstairs) were offices. I did not have a TV set. I was very rich and very famous at the time and a perfect cinderella story and I knew everything about life and nothing about myself. So, there I was, listening to a twig broaching the windowpane and rapidly and deliberately falling in love with the dormant body by my side. Much later I learned that she was repelled by my body. I was fat and flabby, not at all what one would expect judging by my in-clothes external appearance. So, I fell in love and we moved to London, to Marble Arch, where all the rich Saudi Sheikhs lived and rented a mansion with five floors and a butler. We never had sex and she spent most of her days sleeping or staring gloomily at defrocked trees or crying or on shopping sprees. Once we bought records at the Virgin Megastore on Oxford Street for 4000 USD. It was announced on the radio. And then she left and me, among the ruins of my fantasy, unshaven, unkempt, sobbing uncontrollably.




I abandoned it all: the butler, the antique furniture, the promising business - and followed her to Israel where we tried to live together and revive our flagging sexual fortunes in group sex, in Parisian orgy clubs (in the days before AIDS) and all the time I knew that I was losing her and I did, to a radio musical editor. When she went away, she said goodbye publicly, on one of his shows and I tore at the armchair with bent fingers, wet with tears and white with leather tearing rage. I had no money, lost all of it in London. I had no love. all I had was a few shabby replacement leather armchairs (the furniture store went out of business the day after I paid them).

Then I established a brokerage firm and transformed it into the biggest private financial services firm in Israel in two years. I met another woman who were to become my wife and I settled. But I was numb. I knew something was wrong, like the echoes of a distant war. I did not know the enemy, though and I wasn't sure this was my war, anyhow. I just listened at night with fascination to the rumblings. Piece by piece I was falling apart and I had no idea, no acquaintance with my own disembowellment. I watched the disintegration with morbid fascination.

Finally I acted out. I orchestrated a criminal take-over of a state bank, I cheated on my partners, they cheated on me, I sued the government, drawing the fire closer, drawing the war to myself, making it real. I was arrested a month after my wedding. My company was gone. My money was gone. I was back at square one. I was terrified, lonely and married. The ceremony was poor. I wanted to punish her for pushing me into a marriage so I sadistically imposed on her a grubby home wedding with almost no invitees. I didn't know what I was doing, who I was, the world was swirling erratically: marriages, high crimes, mortal fears and the inevitable crash. Five years later I was sentenced to go to prison and I did and the same woman left me while there and we divorced in a civilized manner (almost) fighting only over the music CDs, which I, too, wanted. When she left me, I planned to die. I schemed to grab the Chief Warden's gun and use it. I also compiled lists of lethal doses of medication in the prison library of which I was made in charge. But I didn't die. I wrote books, I saved my sanity, I saved my life.

4. Abuse

I hate the words "physical abuse". It is such a clinical term. My mother used to burrow her fingernails into the soft, inner part of my arm, the "back" of my elbow and drag them, well inside the flesh and veins and everything. You can't imagine the blood and the pain. She hit me with belts and buckles and sticks and heels and shoes and sandals and thrust my skull into sharp angles until it cracked. When I was four she threw a massive metal vase at me. It missed me and shattered a wall sized cupboard. To very small pieces. She did this for 14 years. Every day. Since the age of four.

She tore my books and threw them out the window of our fourth floor apartment. She shredded everything I wrote, consistently, relentlessly.

She cursed and humiliated me 10-15 times an hour, every hour, every day, every month, for 14 years. She called me "my little Eichman" after a well known Nazi mass murderer. She convinced me that I am ugly (I am not. I am considered very good looking and attractive. Other women tell me so and I don't believe them). She invented my personality disorder, meticulously, systematically. She tortured all my brothers as well. She hated it when I cracked jokes. She made my father do all these things to me as well. This is not clinical, this is my life. Or, rather, was. I inherited her ferocious cruelty, her lack of empathy, some of her obsessions and compulsions and her feet. Why I am mentioning the latter - in some other post.

I never felt anger. I felt fear, most of the time. A dull, pervasive, permanent sensation, like an aching tooth. And I tried to get away. I looked for other parents to adopt me. I toured the country looking for a foster home, only to come back humiliated with my dusty backpack. I volunteered to join the army a year before my time. At 17 I felt free. It is a sad "tribute" to my childhood that the happiest period in my life was in jail. The peaceful, most serene, clearest period. It has all been downhill since my release.

But, above all, I felt shame and pity. I was ashamed of my parents: primitive freaks, lost, frightened, incompetent. I could smell their inadequacy. It wasn't like this at the beginning. I was proud of my father, a construction worker turned site manager, a self made man who self destructed later in his life. But this pride eroded, metamorphesized to a malignant form of awe of a depressive tyrant. Much later I understood how socially inept he was, disliked by authority figures, a morbid hypochondriac with narcissistic disdain for others. Father-hate became self hate the more I realized how much like my father I am despite all my pretensions and grandiose illusions: schizoid-asocial, hated by authority figures, depressive, self-destructive, a defeatist.

But above all I kept asking myself two questions:

WHY?

Why did they do it? Why for so long? Why so thoroughly?

I said to myself that I must have frightened them. A firstborn, a "genius" (IQ-wise), a freak of nature, frustrating, overly-independent, unchildlike Martian. The natural repulsion they must have felt having given birth to an alien, to a monstrosity.

Or that my birth fouled their plans somehow. My mother was just becoming a stage actress in her fertile, narcissistic, imagination (actually, she worked as a lowly salesperson in a tiny shoe shop). My father was saving money for one of an endless string of houses he built, sold and rebuilt. I was in the way. My birth was probably an accident. Not much later, my mother aborted my could-have-been-brother. The certificate describes how difficult the economic situation is with the one born child (that's me).




Or that I deserve to be punished that way because I was naturally agitating, disruptive, bad, corrupt, vile, mean, cunning and what else.

Or that they were both mentally ill (and they were) and what was to be expected of them anyhow.

And the second question:

WAS IT REALLY ABUSE?

Isn't "abuse" our invention, a figment of our febrile imagination when we embark upon an effort to explain that which cannot be explained (our life)?

Isn't this a "false memory", a "narrative", a "fable", a "construct", a "tale"?

Everyone in our neighbourhood hit their children. So what? And our parents' parents hit their children as well and most of them (our parents) came out normal. My father's father used to wake him up and dispatch him through hostile Arab neighbourhoods in the dangerous city they lived in to buy for him his daily ration of alcohol. My mother's mother went to bed one night and refused to get out of it until she died, 20 odd years later. I could see these behaviours replicated and handed down the generations.

So, WHERE was the abuse? The culture I grew in condoned frequent beatings.

It was a sign of stern, right, upbringing. What was different with US?

I think it was the hate in my mother's eyes.

5. Success

Research shows that education IS a determinant in how much money you make (it seems that this is your way of measuring success) - but less than people believe it to be. Intelligence matters much more - and of this latter commodity you have aplenty.

Unfortunately, intelligence is only one of the parameters. To be consistently successful in the long term (and you and I have been successful - scales are irrelevant to the discussion) one needs more. One needs stamina, perseverance, self-awareness, self-love, self-nurturing, some egotism, a modicum of ruthlessness, some hypocrisy, some narrow-mindedness, and so on.

You and I have a "bad" cocktail inasmuch as "classically defined success" goes.

You are good hearted, almost altruistic. Too altruistic. The word is sacrificial. You sacrifice some of your health and sleep and food to maintain your support lists. Sure, part of it is narcissistic. You like gratitude and adulation - who doesn't? But the bigger part is that you love people, you are generous and you feel compelled to help because you know that there are some things that you know and others don't.

You cannot be hypocritical. You are real. You stand up to "authority" because you know it is unadulterated BS in most cases. So, you get into conflicts with the system, with the establishment, and with its representatives. But the system is omnipotent. It holds all the rewards and metes out all the punishments. It eliminates "perturbations".

You are curious, like a child (it's a huge compliment. Einstein compared himself to a child on the seashore). To become an "expert", a "professional", one needs to kill parts of oneself, limit one's curiosity, deaden one's tendency to sample the variety of life. You can't do that. you are too alert, too full of life, too aware of what you are missing. You can't bury yourself intellectually.

And you are not ruthless, lacking in conscience, egotistical, and narrow minded. You do have self-awareness but I am not sure how much you internalized what you know, how much you have assimilated your vast fund of knowledge about yourself and the human psyche. I do get the impression that you know yourself - I don't get the impression that you love yourself, or that you nurture yourself - at least not sufficiently.

So, what does all this add up to?

Superficially: you lack some important components on the road to success.

You lack the necessary stamina, you are too non-conformist and anti-establishment, you are too generous, you are not sufficiently selfish perhaps because you don't love yourself (though you know yourself), you are not narrow-minded, etc.

But this is not the way I see it at all.

I believe in making a list. WHAT am I. Then finding the profession/vocation/occupation/avocation that fits best my traits, inclinations, propensities, properties and predilections. Success is then guaranteed. If you have a good match between what you pursue and your ability to pursue it - you can't fail. You simply can't go wrong.




Following success there is the question of self-defeating and self-destructive behaviours, true. But this is a separate issue.

A personal tale:

For YEARS I tried to settle down. Bought a home, married, establish businesses, paid taxes. Went nuts. Acted out. My then p-doc (a brief affair) told me: why do you fight your nature? You are NOT built to lead a stable life. Find an unstable life which you can lead successfully. And I did. I became a roving financial consultant, roaming the globe. This way I balanced my inherent instability with my craving for stability.

I think that the first step is to take an inventory of the phenomenon called YOU. Then find the best match professionally. Then go for it. Then success will follow. Then try to avoid the pitfalls of self destruction.

6. Rejection

I am afraid to write, yes, even to you because I am afraid to be rejected. I do not a pretty picture make. I feel estranged from myself. I love and pity humans while virulently holding them in contempt. I adore and cherish women while being a misogynist. I am a narcissist who failed. So many contradictions tend to put people off. People want clear definitions and tiny boxes and the clarity that comes only when life itself stops. So, all my life I experienced the cautious looks of others, their repulsion, their rage. People react with fear to the exceptional and then they get angry for having feared.

I am Sam. I am 40+, am the first born, followed, in intervals of 4 years, by one sister and three brothers. I am in touch only with my youngest brother (16 years apart). I seem to be his hero, untarnished by my constant failures and glaring failings. He has a personality disorder as well (schizotypal, I think, or mild BPD) and an OCD.

My mother was a Narcissist (spontaneously healed in her forties) and an OCD.

She was physically, psychologically and verbally abusive towards me and to my brothers. This shattered my sense of self worth and perceived ability to cope with the world - for which I compensated by developing NPD (though mild). I am a Narcissist ever since I remember myself. My mother regarded me as a supreme venue of entertainment and I performed for our neighbours, acquaintances and family daily. Until a few years ago, most of what I did was aimed at impressing her and changing her mind about me. Paradoxically, her judgement regarding the personality that she helped foster is accurate: I AM vain, in pursuit of appearances rather than of substance, dangerously pretentious, pathological liar, obdurate to the point of stupidity, highly intelligent but very unwise, shallow in everything I do, no perseverance and so on. But I feel the same about her: that Loving to her is a series of tedious chores, that she pretends, constantly lies and denies, still compulsive, opinionated to the point of rigidity.

My father is chronically depressed and hypochondriac. He comes from a violent family and is a self made man broken by adverse economic circumstances. But he suffered from depression and anxiety long before his economic demise. He was also physically, verbally and psychologically abusive but less so than my mother (he was absent during daytime). I strongly envied him in my early childhood and wished him ill.

My life is a pattern of renunciation of everything this couple stands for: petite bourgeois values, small town mentality, moral conservatism, family, home ownership, attachment. I have no roots. In the last 5 months I changed 3 domiciles (in 3 countries). All told, I lived in 11 countries in the last 16 years. I have no family (divorced, no children) - though I do maintain long and loyal relationships with women, no property to speak of, I am a gambler in disguise (stock options - respectable gambling), no continuous relationships with friends (but yes with my brother), no career (impossible with such mobility) or academic edge (the Ph.D. is of the correspondence type), I served one prison term, have consistently associated with the underworld in fascination mixed with mortal fear. I do achieve things: I published books (my latest one, a book of short stories, won acclaim and a prestigious award, I just published a book about narcissism) and am in the process of publishing a few more (mostly reference), have my websites (which, I believe contain original material in philosophy and economics), my commentaries are published in papers all over the world and I appear intermittently in the electronic media. But my "achievements" are ephemeral. They do not last because I am never there to follow up on them. I lose interest very quickly, move physically and disconnect emotionally. This is all an on-going mutiny against my parents.

Another area which was effected by my parents is my sexual life. To them sex was ugly and dirty. My rebellion led me to experience orgies and group sex, on the one hand - and (most of the time) asceticism. In between bouts of promiscuity (once a decade for a few weeks, after major life crises) I engage in sex very rarely (despite long term relationships with women). My non-availability is intended to frustrate women who are attracted to me (I use the fact that I have a girlfriend as an alibi). I prefer autoerotic sex (masturbation with fantasies). I am a conscious misogynist : fear and loathe women and tend to ignore them to the best of my ability. To me, they are a mixture of hunter and parasite. Of course, this is not my STATED position (I am truly a liberal - for instance, I will not dream of depriving women of their career opportunities or suffrage). This conflict between emotional and cognitive leads to express hostility in my encounters with women, which they detect, in some cases. Alternatively, I "desexualize" them and treat them as functions.

I constantly need narcissistic supply.

I probably could get a Ph.D. in psychology, treat patients (sorry, clients) a few years and then come out with a first monograph. But this is not what Narcissistic supply is about. NS is absolutely comparable to drugs, without any reservations. To maintain the high one must increase the dose, do the drug more often and pursue it in a any manner open to one. It is useless to try and postpone satisfaction. The reward must be stronger than before, immediate and exciting. The pursuit of Narcissistic supply spirals towards depths of degradation, humiliation and abuse - both of self and of others. Anxiety is a product, not a cause. Really, it is (justified) FEAR: what if there will be no NS available? How will I obtain the next shot? What if I will get caught? Actually, the symptoms are so similar, that I believe that NPD has some biochemical fundament. This biochemical disorder is CREATED by life circumstances, rather than the converse.



next: Excerpts from the Archives of the Narcissism List Part 30

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). In Jail - Excerpts Part 29, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/personality-disorders/malignant-self-love/excerpts-from-the-archives-of-the-narcissism-list-part-29

Last Updated: June 1, 2016

Euphoria and Dysphoria - Excerpts Part 31

Excerpts from the Archives of the Narcissism List Part 31

  1. Euphoria and Dysphoria
  2. Saying Goodbye
  3. On the Move
  4. Creating Dependence
  5. N-magnets a Bad Metaphor
  6. Ideas of Reference
  7. Fighting Back

1. Euphoria and Dysphoria

The Narcissist has various overlapping cycles of euphoria-elation and dysphoria-depression.

Bipolar Disorder (the current name for mania-depression) is an altogether different affliction which can and does co-appear with personality disorders (co-morbidity). Why (genetics? environment?) is anyone's guess. But it seems to be more of a biochemically induced disorder.

Narcissists have also been known to be cyclothimic and dysthimic.

Narcissists very rarely commit suicide though they often resort to suicidal ideation and to suicide threats or allusions.

2. Saying Goodbye

If you wish to stay out of her life altogether - why would you care what she does with her life?

I know. It's a cruel sentence. But there is no half separation as there is no half pregnancy.

To say goodbye to another person is easy. What is difficult is to say goodbye to what WE once were, to ourselves, to the relationship. It is easy to get out of a relationship - but very difficult to get the relationship out of us. Addiction wears many guises - altruism the most common, love, compassion, and empathy.

3. On the Move

I am never on the move on what appears to me to be my free accord.

Cognitively, I know that I am the organizer of my own itinerary.

Emotionally, I feels like a sailor after an off shore leave on the way to yet another sleazy port.


4. Creating Dependence

Not all character traits are the result of narcissism.

A person can be parsimonious and this will have nothing to do with his personality disorder.

Deploying money to control others IS narcissistic.

The narcissist tries to make significant others financially dependent on him by preventing them from obtaining a job, keeping a bank account, or having access to money.

Some narcissists secure this dependence by threatening and being verbally or physically abusive to the other - or by berating the partner and eroding her self esteem to the point where she is afraid or ashamed to look for a job or to otherwise financially fend for herself.

Some narcissists are impulsive - others are control freaks.

The important thing is the use of money as a tool of subjugation of others.

The narcissist always maintains a double standard: the best for me, at any cost - as for you, dear significant other, the bare minimum necessary to keep you by my side.

5. N-magnets a Bad Metaphor

I disagree with the term "N-magnets".

Magnets are inert, physical objects.

They attract and are attracted because that's the way they are.




There is nothing a magnet can do about being a magnet.

Magnets have no will, responsibility, cognition, analytical skills, choices, decision making powers, the ability to change, etc.

It is very convenient to think about oneself as a magnet. If one is a magnet - one is subject to natural forces beyond one's control. It is such a cosy feeling.

The world is bad - I can't help being what I am.

Inverted Narcissists are NOT magnets.

They are human beings who ARE responsible for their choices and for the decisions they make.

They can change themselves for the better and, to a large extent, they choose not to do so.

Inverted narcissists ARE narcissists - only they are inverted (read FAQ 66).

Like all other narcissists, they refuse to get better until they are narcissistically injured by a major life crisis.

And then, as all narcissists do, they blame the world (i.e., the narcissists in their lives) rather then assume responsibility for their actions and realizing that something is wrong with them, that THEY are narcissists who need professional help and treatment.

Read more about the alloplastic ("the world is guilty") versus the autoplastic ("I am guilty") defences in FAQ 15.

The phrase "N-magnets" is a BAD metaphor.

It is not a question of semantics. Metaphors both stand for unconscious processes and prompt them.

Metaphors are VERY dangerous things. They should be handled with care.

Inverted narcissists are FULL FLEDGED narcissists who are attracted to other people with personality disorders (NPD, BPD, AsPD, etc.)

They do so out of choice. They do so repeatedly. Many of them do so willingly.

Magnets do not choose. Magnets do not have a will.

(Physical) Magnets are not RESPONSIBLE for what is happening to them.

Magnets are PASSIVE. They are SUBJECT TO natural forces and natural laws which are IMMUTABLE.

Magnets CAN DO NOTHING about being magnets.

Inverted Narcissists can be hurt, can rage, can strike back, can choose to heal, can avoid narcissists.

That so few of them do - is because they are narcissists.

Narcissists - of ALL types - blame the world (in this case, they blame other narcissists) for their troubles.

This is called ALLOPLASTIC DEFENCES.

Narcissists - including inverted narcissists - harbour grandiose delusions, have a False Self and feel entitled.

Narcissists of all stripes exploit others and are devoid of empathy.

The difference is in the strategy. The survival strategy of Inverted Narcissists is to be victims.

The survival strategy of narcissists is to victimize - a perfect match.

Comparing oneself to a magnet is COPPING OUT. It is refusing to assume responsibility.

Moaning and groaning, complaining and crying, accusing and finger pointing, pouting and screaming - are all therapeutically commended and recommended activities.

BUT, it is NOT healing. Magnets, may I remind you, cannot heal. How convenient.

6. Ideas of Reference

An idea of reference is when you attribute to yourself - your existence, your qualities, your behaviour -
something which has nothing to do with you.

Ideas of reference are a derivative of grandiosity and magical thinking.

You think that the world revolves around you, that you are the centre of attention (often negative attention), that you somehow direct other people's behaviour and elicit their reactions, that you are the target of actions and inaction.




It is a mild form of paranoia - non-persecutory paranoia, if I may use this oxymoron.

7. Fighting Back

The first thing you have to do is stop loving M.

It is natural to harbour these feelings so shortly after a separation.

But M is and always has been an enemy of yours.

You did not love M but his False Self - a projection of his, a movie he no longer screens for you.

Loving M (in your case, being infatuated with him as well) - is a bad strategy.

It provides your enemy with an immediate advantage.

Your enemy being unscrupulous and ruthless - he is bound to maximize this advantage. It is his main weapon.

Your second mistake is to continue to play the role of the hapless and helpless victim.

M is used to this. Any reversal of roles is likely to whack him completely out of balance and to yield miraculous results.

Think how to grasp the initiative. Think how you could victimize HIM.

Think how to put him on a desperate defensive.

Play the strong - he will immediately play the weak.

One way of achieving this by finding a man, a boyfriend.

I know how emotionally inhibited you are after this traumatic affair.

But getting attached - however superficially - to a man will serve the dual purpose of infuriating M while rendering him helpless.

It will also annul your third mistake - that you continue to provide M with Narcissistic Supply.

Your emails, your pleas, your threats - are all music to M's ears.

They serve to prove that you are still addicted to him, that he can still fine tune you.

M derives a sense of sublime omnipotence whenever he hears from you.

He is sadist and a narcissist - so your pain is his supply, your fear is his sustenance.

Stop it immediately. Ignore him completely.

Two weeks of utter, complete, unbroken silence will do more to shatter M than two years of legal battle.

M NEEDS you. You hold enormous power over him - the power of the attention that you give him.

No attention and a new man in your life (just be SEEN with him, make sure M knows about him, that's all). Take the initiative and dictate new rules of the game and M is quivering history.

Just two caveats: do not do anything illegal and make sure you are protected from his physical abuse. Your lawyer can advise you on the first - the police and your new boyfriend can take care of the latter.



next: Excerpts from the Archives of the Narcissism List Part 32

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). Euphoria and Dysphoria - Excerpts Part 31, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/personality-disorders/malignant-self-love/excerpts-from-the-archives-of-the-narcissism-list-part-31

Last Updated: June 1, 2016

Introduction to Getting Off the Roller Coaster

You Are Loved

*************

You Have Worth

**************

Whatever may have happened in your life...
Whatever road you may have gone down...
There will always be SOMEONE willing to
Believe in your GOODNESS.

Whatever things you may have done,
there is always SOMEONE willing to
STAND by you.

Whatever choices you may have made,
there is always SOMEONE willing
to UNDERSTAND.

Whatever sorrow you may carry,
there is always SOMEONE who is willing
to EASE your burden.

Whenever you feel you are lost,
there is always SOMEONE willing to
SHOW YOU the way home.

Whenever life feels like it's going too fast,
there is always SOMEONE willing to
help you to SLOW DOWN...
there is always SOMEONE ready
to help you to...

GET OFF THE ROLLER COASTER

 

When I eventually came to an understanding that events which brought me sorrow could be used to teach me, and when I finally learnt to believe in my goodness...

I crossed a bridge.

The bridge I talk of is one that brought me to a recognition of self-worth, self-love, and of a right to express Self-Love as a natural expression of my humanness.


continue story below


In this book, I talk about how I turned my life around after the breakdown of marriage and the loss of other chances of happiness, but it's greater purpose is to share with you, and for you, the way in which I restored peace into my life. It is about understanding of self and of others. It is the way in which I re-discovered myself, and how I came to understand the many different aspects of human nature that combine to form the individuals that we are. It is about developing Awareness, Gentleness and Forgiveness. It is Hope; it is my Hope which has allowed me to unmask myself and the world in which I live, and I now pass it on to those who have traveled down various difficult or melancholy roads in an attempt to share what I have learnt.

Though there are many ways in which our lives can be shaken, there is a universal solution that will take us back to happiness. This comfort comes from a knowledge of Self-Worth and Self-Love, and the recognition of the good nature that is a fundamental part of each of us. So often we labor with our mistakes as if they require some sort of ongoing penance, but such thinking is born of an ignorant perception which keeps us from seeing the opportunities for growth that are available every time we misread a life situation and bring pain to ourselves.

It is my desire to share my experiences and thoughts, to hopefully give to you an understanding of Love and Fear which I find has dramatically transformed my life. Through a feeling of faith and confidence, I truly know that you also will be able to find a most perfect understanding of your own situation and your own truth. It is a way in which I am able to give the world a gift, since I am so lucky to have so many.

Although events, people, choices and actions can bring disillusionment or pain, be believing that through it all, you are still deserving of the same chances for a good life that you would wish for anyone else to have. This good wish you have for others, illustrates this goodness within you that I believe in. It is your map on your road home.

In our hearts, most of us can be sure of having a simple desire to lead a happy and content life, but life brings about complexities which in turn will bring about various responses unique to each person. Understand that the way you react to a particular event is a reflection of your thinking, and that your thinking is related to all your experiences. By saying this, I am not advocating that we can or should deny any responsibilities for our actions, but it is important to know that the INNATE quality of Love within Human nature, can, at times, become hidden by a veil of deception brought about by various experiences and inaccurate perceptions from not knowing all other aspects and details of an event in our life. Exposure to any such circumstance, whether it be only once or repeated many times, can obscure our vision of Inner Truth as we get led down roads that we might wish we had never ventured (chosen or otherwise).

Through any mistakes or misfortunes, we can then learn of situations, ourselves, and of other people. Through any suffering that comes our way from such problems, we are also able to extract value by observing the life action of Cause and Effect. That is, whatever Action we perform, we must expect the appropriate Reaction to come back to us as a natural response to our choices. (Further aspects of this thinking are discussed in the chapter, The Mirror Action of Life.)

In wanting to learn, we will learn. In wanting to grow, we will grow. So through any event that awakens us through pain, we then acquire an impetus to carry us through the process of change. Our pain then becomes our power in a newly born quest for Love, Happiness, and Peace. Since our desire for goodness carries great merit, we will strive like we've never strived before as old ways of living are cast aside from the awakening to a way of thinking which has kept us from the Love we have been searching for.

CONTEMPLATION:

The Love that has seemed to elude you,

Has always been within you.

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next: Getting Off the Roller Coaster The Struggle of the Ego

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). Introduction to Getting Off the Roller Coaster, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/alternative-mental-health/still-my-mind/introduction-to-getting-off-the-roller-coaster

Last Updated: July 22, 2014

Lemon Balm

Lemon Balm is an herbal remedy used to reduce stress and anxiety, promote sleep, and improve appetite. Learn about the usage, dosage, side-effects of Lemon Balm.

Lemon Balm is an herbal remedy used to reduce stress and anxiety, promote sleep, and improve appetite. It may also help with ADHD. Learn about the usage, dosage, side-effects of Lemon Balm.

Botanical Name: Melissa officinalis
Common Names: Balm leaves, Melissa 

Overview

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), a member of the mint family, has long been considered a "calming" herb. It has been used since the Middle Ages to reduce stress and anxiety, promote sleep, improve appetite, and ease pain and discomfort associated with digestion (including flatulence and bloating as well as colic). Even before the Middle Ages, lemon balm was steeped in wine to lift the spirits, help heal wounds, and treat venomous insect bites and stings. Today, lemon balm is often combined with other calming, soothing herbs, such as valerian, to enhance the overall relaxing effect.

Lemon Balm for Anxiety and Insomnia
Several studies have found that lemon balm combined with other calming herbs (such as valerian) helps reduce anxiety and promote sleep. Few studies have investigated the safety and effectiveness of oral lemon balm alone, however. For example, in one recent study of people with minor sleep disorders, those who ingested an herbal combination of valerian and lemon balm reported sleeping much better than those who ingested placebo pills. It is not clear from these studies, however, whether lemon balm itself (or the combined action of lemon balm and valerian) is responsible for these sleep-inducing effects.


 


Herpes
Some studies suggest that topical ointments containing lemon balm may help heal lip sores associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV). In one study of 116 people with HSV, those who applied lemon balm cream to their lip sores experienced significant improvement in redness and swelling after only two days. Although other symptoms, (such as pain and scabbing) did not improve, both the patients and their physicians reported that the lemon balm ointment was highly effective. Several animal studies also support the value of topical lemon balm for herpes lesions.

Other including Lemon Balm for ADHD
Although few rigorous scientific studies have been conducted on lemon balm, many professional herbalists suggest that this herb is beneficial for a variety of health problems including Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indigestion, insomnia, and hyperthyroidism. Experimental laboratory studies also suggest that lemon balm has antioxidant and anti-HIV properties, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Plant Description

Lemon balm is native to Europe but is now grown all over the world. It is grown not only in herb gardens, but also in crops for medicine, cosmetics, and furniture polish manufacturing. The plant grows up to two feet in height, sometimes higher if left not maintained. In the spring and summer, clusters of small, light yellow flowers grow where the leaves meet the stem. The leaves are very deeply wrinkled and range from dark green to yellowish green in color, depending on the soil and climate. If you rub your fingers on them, your fingers will smell tart and sweet, like lemons. The leaves are similar in shape to mint leaves, and in fact, come from the same plant family.

What's It Made Of?

Lemon balm preparations are made from the leaves of the plant. Essential oils made from lemon balm leaves contain plant chemicals called terpenes, which play at least some role in the herb's relaxing and antiviral effects. Lemon balm also contains substances called tannins, which are thought to cause many of the herb's antiviral effects. Lemon balm also contains eugenol, which calms muscle spasms, numbs tissues, and kills bacteria.

Available Forms

Lemon balm is available as a dried leaf that can be bought in bulk. It is also sold as tea, and in capsules, extracts, tinctures, and oil. The creams used in Europe, which contain high levels of lemon balm, are not currently available in the United States. On the other hand, teas can be applied to the skin with cotton balls.


How to Take It

Pediatric

Lemon balm may be used topically in children to treat cold sores. The dosage would be the same as the recommendations for use in adults.

For internal use, adjust the recommended adult dose to account for the child's weight. Most herbal dosages for adults are calculated on the basis of a 150 lb (70 kg) adult. Therefore, if the child weighs 50 lb (20 to 25 kg), the appropriate dose of lemon balm for this child would be 1/3 of the adult dosage.

Adult

For difficulty sleeping, or to reduce stomach complaints, flatulence, or bloating, choose from the following:

  • Tea: 1.5 to 4.5 grams of lemon balm herb, several times daily
  • Tincture: 2 to 3 mL (40 to 90 drops), 3 times daily, or the equivalent in fluid extract or encapsulated form

For cold sores or herpes sores, steep 2 to 4 tsp of crushed leaf in 1 cup boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes. Cool. Apply tea with cotton balls to the sores throughout the day.

Precautions

The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, contain active substances that can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, under the supervision of a practitioner knowledgeable in the field of botanical medicine.

No side effects or symptoms of toxicity have been reported with lemon balm use, but this herb should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women.


 


Possible Interactions

Sedatives, Thyroid medications
Although it has not yet been demonstrated in clinical studies, lemon balm may interfere with sedatives and thyroid medications. If you are taking sedatives (for sleep disorders or anxiety) or medications to regulate your thyroid, you should consult a healthcare practitioner before taking lemon balm.

Supporting Research

Auf'mkolk M, Ingbar JC, Kubota K, et al. Extracts and auto-oxidized constituents of certain plants inhibit the receptor-binding and the biological activity of Graves' immunoglobulins. Endocrinology. 1985;116:1687-1693.

Baumgaertel A. Alternative and controversial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Clin of North Am. 1999;46(5):977-992.

Berdonces JL. Attention deficit and infantile hyperactivity. [Spanish]. Rev Enferm. 2001;24(1):11-14.

Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000:230-232.

Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical; 1998:32-33.

Cerny A, Schmid K. Tolerability and efficacy of valerian/lemon balm in healthy volunteers (a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study). Fitoterapia. 1999;70:221-228.

Ernst E. The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach. Mosby, Edinburgh; 2001:169.

Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(4):225-230.

Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, Sassin I, Hotz J. A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study. [German]. Z Gastroenterol. 2001;39(7):511-517.

Mantle D, Pickering AT, Perry AK. Medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of dementia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. CNS Drugs. 2000;13:201-213.

McCaleb R. Melissa relief for herpes sufferers. HerbalGram. 1995;34.

Perry EK, Pickering AT, Wang WW, Houghton PJ, Perry NS. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. J Altern Complement Med. 1998;4:419-428.

Rotblatt M, Ziment I. Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 2002:249-251.

Schultz V, Hansel R, Tyler V. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998:26, 37,83,181,260.

Triantaphyllou K, Blekas G, Boskou D. Antioxidative properties of water extracts obtained from herbs of the species Lamiaceae. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2001;52(4):313-317.

White L, Mavor S. Kids, Herbs, Health. Loveland, Colo: Interweave Press; 1998:22, 34.

Wong AH, Smith M, Boon HS. Herbal remedies in psychiatric practice. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998; 55(11):1033-1044.

Yamasaki K, Nakano M, Kawahata T, et al. Anti-HIV-1 activity of herbs in Labiatae. Biol Pharm Bull. 1998;21(8):829-833.

The publisher does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of the information or the consequences arising from the application, use, or misuse of any of the information contained herein, including any injury and/or damage to any person or property as a matter of product liability, negligence, or otherwise. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made in regard to the contents of this material. No claims or endorsements are made for any drugs or compounds currently marketed or in investigative use. This material is not intended as a guide to self-medication. The reader is advised to discuss the information provided here with a doctor, pharmacist, nurse, or other authorized healthcare practitioner and to check product information (including package inserts) regarding dosage, precautions, warnings, interactions, and contraindications before administering any drug, herb, or supplement discussed herein.

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 12). Lemon Balm, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/alternative-mental-health/herbal-treatments/lemon-balm

Last Updated: May 8, 2019

Are ADHD Medications Safe and Effective?

In the most thorough study ever of ADHD medications, there's scant proof that ADHD drugs are safe or even that effective.

At a time when millions of children and adults are taking drugs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, the most comprehensive scientific analysis of the drugs to date has found little evidence that ADHD medications are safe, that one drug is more effective than another or that they help school performance.

The 27 drugs studied included Adderall, Concerta, Strattera, Ritalin, Focalin, Cylert (removed from market in 2005), Provigil, and others that, in some households, are well-known for their sometimes calming affects.

The 731-page report was done by the Drug Effectiveness Review Project, based at Oregon State University. The group analyzed 2,287 studies - virtually every investigation ever done on ADHD drugs anywhere in the world - to reach its conclusions.

They found:

  • "No evidence on long-term safety of drugs used to treat ADHD in young children" or adolescents.
  • "Good quality evidence ... is lacking" that ADHD drugs improve "global academic performance, consequences of risky behaviors, social achievements" and other measures.
  • Safety evidence is of "poor quality," including research into the possibility that some ADHD drugs could stunt growth, one of the greatest concerns of parents.
  • Evidence that ADHD drugs help adults "is not compelling," nor is evidence that one drug "is more tolerable than another."
  • The way the drugs work is, in most cases, not well understood.

The findings do not mean ADHD drugs are unsafe or unhelpful, just that sound scientific proof is lacking.

The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the Washington, D.C.-based drug industry lobby group, had no comment on the report, but its senior vice president, Ken Johnson, said the benefits of most drugs "clearly outweigh the risks."

ADHD is suspected when people have a harder time than others their ages paying attention, sitting still or controlling impulses. To be diagnosed, those tendencies must interfere with work, school or other activities.

Nationally, about 4.4 million kids between 4 and 17 fit the bill. Of those, more than 2.5 million take ADHD drugs. Up to 8 percent of kids in Washington state have been diagnosed with the condition.

The Drug Effectiveness Review Project was formed in 2003 to give consumers and state insurance plans trustworthy information about pharmaceuticals.

Industry studies, which researchers have shown sometimes are rigged for favorable outcomes, don't give the confidence "many of us would like to decide whether or not we should be using a given medication," said the project's deputy director, Mark Gibson.

Complicating efforts to get reliable information, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration doesn't require companies to compare new drugs to ones on the market. Most times, firms instead compare their wares to sugar pills because it is easier to show benefit and get approved for sale.

The problems leave insurers and patients in the lurch when they need to know what drugs work best. That's where the Drug Effectiveness Review Project comes in. Its physicians and pharmacists analyze virtually every study on a given class of pharmaceuticals to find the best drugs.

The American Association of Retired Persons and Consumers Union, the publisher of Consumer Reports, use the project's findings to tell people what drugs give the most for the money. Fourteen states, including Washington, also use its services to decide what drugs to cover for beneficiaries. Those states are the project's chief funders.

For ADHD, the project analyzed published studies as well as unpublished data from the six leading makers of ADHD drugs. The group rejected 2,107 investigations as unreliable, and reviewed the remaining 180 to find superior drugs.

Instead, it found that evidence to choose one ADHD drug over another for safety or effectiveness is "severely limited" by a lack of studies measuring "functional or long-term outcomes."

The project could not find a "good quality" study that tested the drugs against each other. It also could not find comparative evidence to determine which ADHD drugs are less likely to cause tics, seizures and heart and liver problems.




That evidence is needed. Canadian authorities have recently warned against using Adderall XR (Extended Release) in patients with heart problems. Cylert and Strattera have been linked to liver damage, the report said.

Until better research is done, the findings mean that choosing the right ADHD drug is largely a matter of trial and error. They also suggest some people might do as well or better on cheap generic Ritalin, sold by its scientific name methylphenidate, instead of far more expensive, newer options such as Concerta and Adderall.

In fact, in the few instances where the Oregon group could draw conclusions, it found Concerta "did not show overall difference in outcomes" compared to generic Ritalin, and proof that Adderall is better "lacking." What little evidence there is comparing another newer expensive drug, Strattera, to generic Ritalin "suggests a lack of difference in efficacy."

Gibson cautioned that his project's latest report is still open for public comment and possible fine-tuning. But the overall results did not surprise Libby Munn, a nurse practitioner at Greater Lakes Mental Healthcare in Lakewood.

"I've never been aware of any evidence of any one being better than another," said Munn, who treats patients for ADHD and other conditions. "That's true of antidepressants and antipsychotics, too. Once you compare meds for a given disorder, there are often no proven differences."

Tacoma psychiatrist Dr. Fletcher Taylor, an expert in adult ADHD at Rainier Associates, works with drug companies to develop new products. He said he stands by the effectiveness and safety of the drugs.

Still, he said, Adderall and Concerta are largely equal in their effect, though some people do better on one than another. Their greatest advantage over generic Ritalin is that people take fewer pills during the day.

Sources:



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APA Reference
Tracy, N. (2008, December 12). Are ADHD Medications Safe and Effective?, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/adhd/articles/are-adhd-medications-safe-effective

Last Updated: February 14, 2016