The Romantic Kiss

A kiss has been described as the height of voluptuousness. It has a lovely, luscious and lusty legacy.

The Romantic KissKissing is an act of quiet intimacy and often borders on the erotic. It can be brief and cool or lengthy and hot.

It can be highly romantic, building to a succulent crescendo of emotion and passion or passed off as something that is expected and therefore no big deal.

Any day is a good excuse for pucker practice.

Two pairs of lips are for kissing. It is an essential element for communicating love and affection in your relationship.

A kiss is a secret told to the mouth instead of the ear; kisses are the messengers of love and tenderness.

"A kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous."

Ingrid Bergman

A kiss speaks many different meanings to its lover; when it is missing, many interpretations as to the reasons for its absence surface. These interpretations can become invisible wedges that prevent love from expressing.

When love is present, kissing is an important part of expressing that love. Pay attention to it. Breathe. Relax. Slow down. Concentrate and engage the electricity in your body.

Kissing does not always have to be a prelude to making love.

Happiness is like a kiss - in order to get any good out of it, you have to give it to someone else.

A kiss is a pleasant reminder that two heads are better than one.

This story from Pravda, the Russian News Service, shows that even in the former Soviet Union, couples are rediscovering what we refer to as "The Mighty Kiss".


continue story below


In case you thought the kiss was little more than a "romantic handshake", we've decided to let you in on a little Russian research that shows that the kiss is so much more than a mere gateway to romantic expression. Here are just a few of the powerful effects the might kiss will have on you!

Kissing stabilizes cardiovascular activity, decreases high blood pressure, and lowers cholesterol.

Kissing prevents cavities and plaque build-up by stimulating saliva production while preventing gingivitis through the calcium present in saliva.

Kissing stimulates over 30 facial muscles which smoothes out skin and increase blood circulation to the face.

Kissing burns 12 calories per five-second episode and three passionate kisses a day will help you lose one pound!

"Kissing is a means of getting two people so close together that they can't see anything wrong with each other."

Gene Yasenak

Kissing prevents the formation of the stress hormone glucocorticoids which causes high blood pressure, muscle weakening and insomnia.

Kissing does its part to vaccinate people from new germs. Saliva contains bacteria, 80% of them are common to all people with 20% unique to each person. By sharing saliva with a partner, you are stimulating your immune system to respond to the different bacteria you are being exposed to. The result is that your immune system creates certain anti-bodies to these new bacteria, which in effect vaccinates you against these germs. This process is called cross-immunotherapy.

Finally, you may not be surprised to know that kissing offers an express analysis of genetic compatibility. While you are kissing, your brain conducts instant chemical analysis of your partner's saliva and issues a "verdict" of your genetic compatibility. Think about it. Don't you know much more about what you like or don't like in a person after one kiss? And kissing is much more fun than taking a relationship inventory!

Oh, did we mention kissing also cures hiccups?

The next time you want to give your sweetheart the perfect gift, may I suggest that you use your lips to speak to your sweetheart instead of your wallet. Actions speak louder than words!

Kiss someone you love today!

Kissing School: Seven Lessons on Love, Lips and Life ForceKissing School: Seven Lessons on Love, Lips and Life Force- Cherie Byrd - Enduring a terrible kiss can be more than just unpleasant. It can add tension to intimate moments, or worse, end a great romance before it even starts. After personally saving a relationship by teaching her partner how to kiss, Cherie Byrd transformed the experience into her successful Kissing School! program, in which hundreds of couples from around the world have since participated. Kissing School distills the workshop's most useful teachings, and quickly ushers readers beyond quick pecks and "Can you feel my tongue?" action to enter a realm of soul-stirring, heart-lifting, body-shaking kissing.

next: Jazz Up Your Relationship!

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). The Romantic Kiss, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/relationships/celebrate-love/romantic-kiss

Last Updated: June 1, 2015

About Adrian Newington

Adrian Newington

"Still My Mind" is the name of the title track of my Debut Album released in mid 2005, and represents the motivation in my personal philosophy and the purpose of my music ministry. It is my quest for personal peace.

At this Web Site, I offer material to anyone seeking the inspiration necessary to help bring about change in the quality of life. I attempt to bring this to you through my music, and a sharing of the personal understandings I have obtained through life.

If you're searching for some answers, or trying to bring about real change in your life, I hope that what I have presented via these pages and my music will benefit you. I, myself, have found the process of self-inquiry and self-discovery profoundly liberating and I have written a variety of texts and make them freely available to anyone wishing to read them. I hope that your thinking and your life may be uplifted through the sharing of these works.


ABOUT MYSELF: I am currently employed in a computer and network support role. I have been playing guitar since 1966, and my main musical influences are...

Artist

Specific Influence

Beatles

Harmonies, Rhythms & Lyrical Poetry.

Don McLean

Lyrical Poetry & Finger Picking style of guitar playing.

Cat Stevens

My first experience of spiritual content in a modern contemporary format.

Eagles

Harmonies.

Crosby Still Nash & Young

Harmonies, Lyrical Poetry.

I am a published songwriter of spiritual music with 5 songs being chosen for inclusion in an album with the incredible vocal talents of Fr Paul Gurr. (Carmalite). "Still Waters" - Spectrum Publications

I performed with a collection of musicians & singers at the Beatification ceremony of Sister Mary McKillop, held at the Randwick Racecourse in Sydney Australia. 1997.

I served as an enlisted member of the Royal Australian Air Force for 6 years.

I have been part of a team that taught yoga and meditation in a State Prison System, and have offered my experience to facilitate meditation classes at a local outreach centre. I am a practicioner of Reiki at level 2. I have attained a Certificate in Disability Support, and worked in that arena for about 2 and a half years.

the Long Machiato

My Favourite Drink
mmmmm.... the Long Machiato


 


next: I Am the Heart Introduction

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). About Adrian Newington, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/alternative-mental-health/still-my-mind/about-adrian-newington

Last Updated: November 22, 2016

Explaining ADHD Medication to Your Child

You have a child with ADHD. Should you explain to him/her why they need ADHD medication? If so, how do you talk to your child about medication for ADHD?

You have a child with ADHD. Should you explain to him/her why they need ADHD medication? If so, how do you talk to your child about medication for ADHD? ADHD expert, Dr. David Rabiner weighs in on the subject.A common question and concern that parents often have is whether and how to explain the issue of taking medication to their child with ADHD. This is a really important issue that I think warrants careful attention and concern.

I can not tell you how many times I have encountered children who had been taking ADHD medications for years never really understanding why. In my opinion, this is a critical oversight. Now, as far as what to say... First, a caveat. I do not know your child and thus can not really provide specific suggestions about what would be best. Instead, I'll present a set of general guidelines that can be modified to be most appropriate to your child's specific situation. I have found that even young children are generally receptive to a straight-forward explanation about why medication is being tried and what it can do. If you have questions about what is and is not appropriate to say, please discuss this with your child's health care provider.

For grade school child with ADHD, I would say something like the following: (What follows is much more of a monologue than would generally occur and it is always important to give the child plenty of opportunity to ask questions.)

You know, kids your age differ in lots of ways. Some are short and some are tall. Some are really fast and others are not so fast. Some can read really well and some have a harder time learning to read. There are just lots of ways that kids differ.

Kids can also differ in how energetic they are and in how their mind works. Some kids don't seem to have very much energy - they just like to sit around. Other kids have so much energy, though, that it is very hard for them to sit still. Having all this energy can be great for some things, but when you have to sit still and pay attention to something - like you have to do at school - it can make things difficult. Some kids are also able to really concentrate and think about one thing for a long time. For other kids, though, their mind sort-of jumps from one idea to the next. Having all these different ideas can be great, but when you have to focus on just one thing at a time, it can make things hard.

Sometimes kids with so much energy and so many different ideas need some help being able to sit still and focus on one thing at a time. One of the things that can help a lot with this is a kind of medicine. What the medicine can do is make it easier for you to stay in your seat and pay attention when you need to at school. It can also make it easier to slow down a bit so that you can make good choices about the kinds of things you do.

Now, your doctor and I think it makes sense to see whether some medicine can make these things easier for you. That way, you will be able to use all your energy and ideas to get the things done that you need to and to make good choices about your behavior and the things you do. The medicine should make it easier for you to do these things, but we'll also need you to keep trying really hard as well.

Now, there are several different medicines that kids can take to help with this. Not every medicine works for every child and we may have to try a few different ones to try and find one that is best for you. If we stick with it, though, there is a very good chance that we will find a medicine that can help with some of the challenges you have been having at school." (Note: This assumes that the child is aware of the difficulty they have been having and that this has been discussed with them. Presumably, this would be the rationale given for why they were seeing the doctor in the first place.)

A few other things to mention. First, as hopefully comes through above, I try to convey to the child that the ADHD medicine is not a "magic pill" and that the child has to also try to follow rules and make good choices. After all, if medication works, all it does is to help the child have more control over his or her behavior, but how the child chooses to exercise that control is still up to them. A child can make thoughtful decisions about not to comply just as easily as impulsive ones. What you want to convey is a sense that the child is responsible for his or her behavior and that if they do better it is just as much because of their efforts as the medication alone.

About the author: Dr. David Rabiner is a child psychologist and Senior Research Scientist at Duke University. Dr. Rabiner produces a monthly online newsletter, Attention Research Update, that helps parents, professionals, and educators keep informed about new research on ADHD. To sign up for a free subscription, please visit http://www.helpforadd.com.



next: Medication Treatments for ADHD: First-line Therapy - Psychostimulants
~ adhd library articles
~ all add/adhd articles

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). Explaining ADHD Medication to Your Child, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/adhd/articles/explaining-adhd-medication-to-child

Last Updated: February 14, 2016

To Zip or Not to Zip

Chapter 107 of the book Self-Help Stuff That Works

by Adam Khan

MY WIFE, KLASSY, WAS UPSET about something. As usual, I was trying to help her fix it, which just annoyed her even more. "You don't listen to me," she said, "You just don't understand how I feel." She had said that to me many times before. I must not have been listening.

Of course, when I'm troubled, she listens and I feel better. All of a sudden it occurred to me to find out how she did it. Maybe she had some strategy.

But when I asked her, all she could tell me was, "I just try to see things from your point of view." I'd heard that one before. I pressed her for more detail, and after awhile, she was able to tell me what she did. She had been using a technique without realizing it.

Her method is a lot easier than reading How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie, which I've done eight times. Good book. But Klassy's one technique incorporated almost every principle in Carnegie's book in one simple mental maneuver.

Here's what she does: She imagines walking around behind me and unzipping my back. She climbs inside and looks out my eyes, sees what I see, hears what I hear and hears it the way I hear it " from my point of view. She tries to imagine what it would feel like inside me. It's a very effective technique for how to walk a mile in someone's moccasins.

All my life I've heard the good advice: "Try to see things from the other person's point of view," but I always thought of it as metaphorical. Apparently it's not a figure of speech. It's a direct and perfectly clear instruction to literally imagine myself looking out through another's eyes. Their eyes are the points from which they view not metaphorically, but in fact.

When I do this, it changes the way I feel about the person I'm listening to and they can tell. I don't know how, but people can tell I really understand them and that I'm not merely going through the motions of trying to appear as if I understand. And all I'm doing is seeing things from the other person's point of view literally.

Imagine yourself looking out from inside another's body.

How to be here now. This is mindfulness from the East applied to reality in the West.
E-Squared


 


Expressing anger has a good reputation. Too bad. Anger is one of the most destructive emotions we experience, and its expression is dangerous to our relationships.
Danger

Comparisons are natural. Indeed, you can't really help it. But you can direct it in a way that enhances your relationships, even making you feel better about people you haven't even met yet.
How You Measure Up

It is unnecessarily limiting to label yourself shy, outgoing, Aries, Taurus, strong, weak, or any other label. Be your true, flexible self and you'll be better off.
Personality Myth

There may be evidence that prayer may actually have medical benefits, even if the prayed-for doesn't know it's happening.
Send a Blessing

Why is it important to make a good impression? Because human brains aren't perfect and are biased by our earliest conclusions.
Very Impressive

next: Take the Sting Out

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). To Zip or Not to Zip, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/self-help/self-help-stuff-that-works/to-zip-or-not-to-zip

Last Updated: March 31, 2016

Abusing ADHD Drugs Can Prove Deadly

When used properly ADHD medications for children are safe and effective. However, abuse of stimulant medications for ADHD can be deadly.

From Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

"I really see a difference in my grades. Without it, I don't think about things. I can't pay attention." --Christy Rade, 16, Des Moines, Iowa, commenting in the Aug. 26, 1996, Des Moines Register on her treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with Ritalin, the brand name for the stimulant medicine methylphenidate.

"Teens Learn Dangers of Ritalin Use; 19-Year-Old Man Dies After Snorting Stimulant at Party" --a headline in the April 24, 1995, Roanoke Times & World News, Roanoke, Va.

If, like Christy Rade, you're taking stimulant medicine for ADHD, you are not alone. In mid-1995, about 1.5 million school-age youngsters did so, reported Daniel Safer, M.D., and colleagues in Pediatrics, December 1996.

But, as the Virginia headline points out, abuse of this ADHD medicine can be deadly.

In ADHD, brain areas ruling attention and inhibition don't work very well. Most children with ADHD are inattentive, impulsive and hyperactive. In teenagers, the hyperactivity often quiets to a restlessness. For some, paying attention is their biggest problem. Others are mainly impulsive and hyperactive.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved several stimulant medicines for treating ADHD: methylphenidate (Ritalin and generics), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine and generics), methamphetamine (Desoxyn), and an amphetamine-dextroamphetamine combination (Adderall). FDA recently restricted another approved stimulant, pemoline (Cylert), to secondary use, as it can cause liver failure.

The drugs stimulate the central nervous system, but no one knows exactly how they work in treating ADHD.

"Stimulants have been used to treat ADHD for over three decades," says Nicholas Reuter, FDA associate director for international and domestic drug control affairs. "And the amount used has increased steadily during that period. Methylphenidate is the most widely used."

Not everyone with ADHD requires or responds to stimulant treatment.

Risk of Abuse of Stimulant Medications

When used properly ADHD medications for children are safe and effective. However, abuse of stimulant medications can be deadly.Because stimulant medicines have a high potential for abuse, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has placed stringent controls on their manufacture, distribution and prescription. For example, DEA requires special licenses for these activities, and prescription refills aren't allowed. States may impose further regulation, like limiting the number of dosage units per prescription.

DEA has repeatedly urged greater caution in use of these ADHD drugs, especially in light of their abuse among adolescents and young adults.

Ritalin's manufacturer, Ciba-Geigy Corp., began a campaign in March 1996 to reduce abuse. In nationwide mailings to doctors and pharmacists, the firm called attention to the risk of stimulant abuse and cautioned doctors to be especially careful in diagnosing ADHD. Enclosed were behavior rating scales for doctors to use and handouts for patients, parents and school nurses.

Taken properly, Ritalin in and of itself is not addictive, says Wendy Sharp, M.S.W., a social worker and researcher at the National Institute of Mental Health's child psychiatry branch. So people with ADHD do not get addicted to their stimulant medicine at treatment dosages, she says. "There have been unfortunate cases reported in the press, however, of teenagers who have taken Ritalin from other kids and snorted it, like cocaine."

According to Reuter, "Although methylphenidate production and availability have increased dramatically since 1990, national drug abuse surveys indicate that the abuse level and associated public health consequences remain below that of other stimulant medicines such as cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine."

Patricia Quinn, M.D., a developmental pediatrician in Washington, D.C., and author of many books on ADHD, adds, "There's actually less substance abuse in people diagnosed with attention deficit disorder who take medication and do well than in the general population. Adolescents I've worked with are trying to straighten out what's going on."

Diagnosing Difficulties

About 30 percent of young people with ADHD aren't diagnosed until middle school or later, says Quinn. These students are very bright, she says. "The more intelligent you are, the better you cope--until stressors in the environment outpace your ability to cope. Maybe your disorder becomes a problem in high school when you have only lecture classes, or in college when you have to do everything for yourself and go to class, too."

By the time someone with undiagnosed ADHD gets to middle school or high school, the main complaint is classroom underachievement rather than hyperactivity or distractibility, Quinn says. Some people shorten the name to ADD when it affects older people. "But you shouldn't assume that everyone who is underachieving has ADHD."

And, not everyone with attention difficulty has ADHD.

For example, when Linda Smith (not her real name) was 16, she had extreme difficulty concentrating. ADHD was suspected. Thorough examination, however, revealed the culprits were anxiety, depression and a sleep disorder, which are improving under a treatment plan that includes medicines and counseling.

Narrowing a diagnosis to ADHD requires more than a single visit to the doctor. Substantial detective work by the doctor involves talking not only to the patient, but also to the parents and to nurses and teachers at the patient's various schools.

"I ask to see all report cards from kindergarten on," Quinn says. "Teachers usually comment, 'He would do so much better if he could only pay attention.' One mother said of her son in high school, 'One day in first grade, he came home without shoes. He didn't know where he put them.' Kids with this disorder lose their jackets, shoes. So he had symptoms early on."

There is no biological test for ADHD. Doctors base their diagnosis on guidelines set by the American Psychiatric Association.




Deciding to Use Stimulants for Treating ADHD

Stimulant treatment begins as a "trial," so you and your parents should tell the doctor regularly about improvements, such as handling school tasks better, and any side effects. The most common side effects are nervousness, sleep difficulty, and appetite loss. Less common are skin rash, nausea, dizziness, headache, weight loss, and blood pressure changes. Immediately report such serious effects as confusion, breathing difficulty, sweating, vomiting, and muscle twitches, which may signal too high a dose.

With this information and further examination, the doctor can determine the most effective dose that causes no, or only tolerable, side effects.

Patients who need stimulant medicine only for paying attention may not need it at all during weekends and summer vacations. If their difficult subjects are in the morning, a morning dose may be enough most days. Other patients need stimulant medicine much more often.

Stimulants are not for everyone with ADHD. For example, they shouldn't be used in someone with marked agitation, a twitching known as a tic, or the eye disorder glaucoma.

And like all medicine, stimulants pose risks. Whether to use stimulants is a case-by-case decision based on how the benefit stacks up against the risk.

In January 1996, FDA announced that in studies of rodents given methylphenidate, the drug produced a "weak signal" for the potential to cause liver cancer. The cancer occurred in male mice but not in female mice or rats. At FDA's request, Ciba-Geigy informed doctors and, along with other methylphenidate manufacturers, added the findings to their drugs' labeling.

Accompanying health problems like depression may require other medicines or psychotherapy.

"Individual therapy for ADHD may not be helpful," Sharp says. "Probably the most beneficial treatment for ADHD involves the entire family system, and behavior management is usually a large part of this treatment."

Some people have linked ADHD to sugar and food or color additives. "Research in this area has raised questions and contributes to understanding," says Catherine Bailey, an FDA science policy analyst. "But the idea that individual food substances cause ADHD is unproven. Still, if people want to avoid substances they perceive as problems, they should be sure to read food labels."

Moving Forward

Scientists don't know exactly what causes ADHD, but it tends to affect several in a family. When an identical twin has ADHD, the other usually does, too. Sharp had recruited twins for research to help clarify this.

While more males than females have ADHD, the gender gap is narrowing. Males taking medicine for the disorder outnumbered females 10 to 1 in 1985 but only 5 to 1 in 1995, the authors of the 1996 Pediatrics article stated.

Probably the hardest part of having ADHD is accepting the diagnosis, Quinn says. She stresses the importance of looking at everything else that's good in your life.

"The disorder is part of who you are and, yes, you have to control it," she says. "But it doesn't define you. It's okay to have attention disorder, so long as you know what to do about it."

Dixie Farley is a staff writer for FDA Consumer.


Helping Yourself

The first step toward dealing successfully with ADHD is to learn as much as you can about the disorder, the pros and cons of stimulant treatment, and strategies for self-help.

If you have ADHD, self-help skills can be critical to your success in high school and college, and later on with your career. In her book Adolescents and ADD, Gaining the Advantage, developmental pediatrician Patricia Quinn, M.D., advises, "Set realistic goals. Be honest about your strengths and weaknesses." These tips from her book may help.

Taking Responsibility

Talk to the school nurse.

  • Bring up your concerns.
  • Ask if students with ADHD meet to share ideas. If not, ask how to start a group.
  • Ask the nurse to help your teachers understand your diagnosis and provide classroom support, such as more time for tests and a front seat away from distractions. People with disabilities or certain impairments are entitled to free, appropriate public education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1972, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. If your ADHD isn't being accommodated under these laws, ask the school nurse how to find out if it can be.

Be careful taking medicine.

  • Ask about your school's policy on taking medicines at school.
  • When parents deliver your medicine, be sure the prescription label lists your name, diagnosis, medicine name, dose, and, especially, when to take it.
  • Until taking doses on time gets routine, make notes to yourself or set your watch alarm.
  • To prevent mix-ups, always tell the person giving you the medicine your full name, see that the bottle is yours, and make sure you get the correct number of tablets.
  • Report side effects to your parents or the nurse.
  • Never "help out" someone else by sharing your medicine.



Improving School Work

Manage note-taking.

  • Write on every other line to leave room for ideas you might add later.
  • Leave out unimportant words, like "the" and "an."
  • List some abbreviations of your own at the front of your notebook for reference.
  • Ask a friend to take notes over carbon paper to provide a copy for you.
  • Ask teachers to let you have a copy of their notes.
  • Make an audio-cassette recording of lectures, especially before tests.

Understand what you read.

  • Read while you are fresh.
  • Decide what you're looking for. Then skim the material, noting pictures and graphs and reading the headings and bold print.
  • List unfamiliar words, then look them up. Get help if you don't understand a meaning.
  • Read assigned questions before the material. Then write answers as you read along.
  • Highlight or underline important information on your study sheets.
  • Read the material again.

Improve written assignments.

  • Use a computer with a spell-check. Writing on a computer can also help you organize your thoughts.
  • To check spelling without a computer, start at the bottom of the page and move up.

Improve math assignments.

  • If you start to feel lost in a unit, tell your teacher, advisor or tutor immediately, as each new math concept builds on what you've already learned.
  • Leave space between examples. Line up the numbers in columns carefully.
  • Check each math solution before handing it in, especially on tests.
  • Practice math in the summer with worksheets or summer school.

Study smarter.

  • Study with a partner.
  • Use your textbook's headings and subheadings for a study outline.
  • Put important information on cards or audiotape for reviewing.
  • Organize your notes and worksheets by topic. Study some each night.
  • Allow two nights for review before a test.
  • Get plenty of sleep the night before a test.
  • If you get anxious when you can't answer a test question, stop and take deep breaths. Then jot down some facts you do know, which may trigger the answer.
  • Discuss your school routine and grades with your advisor weekly or even daily.

(Adolescents and ADD, Gaining the Advantage is published by Magination Press, New York, N.Y.; telephone 1-800-825-3089.)




Diagnostic Guidelines

According to the American Psychiatric Association, a diagnosis of ADHD must meet the following guidelines:

  • The patient must often have:

    either six of these inattention symptoms:

    • does not pay close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
    • has difficulty sustaining attention in activities
    • does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
    • does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish duties Abusing ADHD Drugs Can Prove Deadly
    • has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
    • avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks requiring sustained mental effort
    • loses things necessary for tasks or activities
    • is easily distracted
    • is forgetful in daily activities

    or six of these hyperactivity or impulsiveness symptoms:

    • fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
    • leaves seat in classroom or other times when remaining seated is expected
    • inappropriately runs about or climbs excessively or, in older patients, feels restless
    • has difficulty playing or taking part in leisure activities quietly
    • is "on the go" or acts as if "driven by a motor"
    • talks excessively
    • blurts out answers before questions have been completed
    • has difficulty awaiting turn
    • interrupts or intrudes on others, such as butting into conversations or games.
  • Symptoms must continue six months and be more frequent and severe than normal.
  • Evidence must show significant damage to social, academic or work functioning.
  • Some damage must occur in at least two settings, such as home and school.
  • Some damaging symptoms must have occurred before age 7, even with a later diagnosis.
  • The symptoms must not be due to another disorder.

 


 

More Information

Attention Deficit Information Network
475 Hillside Ave., Needham, MA 02194
(617) 455-9895

Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorders
499 N.W. 70th Ave., Suite 101, Plantation, FL 33317
(1-800) 233-4050
World Wide Web: http://www.chadd.org/

National Attention Deficit Disorder Association
(1-800) 487-2282
World Wide Web: http://www.add.org/

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
(1-800) 352-9424
World Wide Web: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/

National Institute of Mental Health
Room 7C-02, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857
(301) 443-4513
World Wide Web: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/

FDA Consumer magazine (July-August 1997)



next: ADHD Treatments and Coping Strategies
~ adhd library articles
~ all add/adhd articles

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). Abusing ADHD Drugs Can Prove Deadly, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/adhd/articles/abuse-of-stimulant-medications-for-adhd-can-prove-deadly

Last Updated: February 14, 2016

Sexuality and Sex Therapy: Part 1 and 2

sex therapy

Sexuality and Sex Therapy: Part 1

"Will he want to go to bed with me?"
"Should I tell him about my herpes?"
"Should I try to kiss her?"
"Will I be able to get 'it' up?"
"Will I last long enough?"
"Am I a good enough lover?"

Despite the fact that we live in the post-Victorian, post-human potential movement, post-free love movement, we are still uncomfortable with our own sexuality. One would think that with all of the talk about sex, all of the books written about sex, and all of the movies depicting sexuality, we would finally have reached a point in our evolution where we would be as comfortable talking about, and experimenting with, sex as we are talking about food; sharing sexual information as readily as we share recipes. But this is not the case.

We are uncomfortable talking to our friends about sex; we are uncomfortable asking for help with our sexuality, and we certainly would not take lessons in how to increase our enjoyment of sex. We will take cooking classes to learn how to prepare a gourmet meal. We will take dancing lessons to better be able to trip the lights fantastic. We will take golf lessons, tennis lessons, and any number of other lessons to increase our expertise and enhance our abilities. However when it comes to sex, we assume that we should be able to function optimally without help. Furthermore, if we should want to increase our sexual pleasure or should we feel uncomfortable with some aspect of our sexual life, we feel embarrassed in seeking counsel.

Generally we carry the belief that we should know everything there is to know about sex as if sexual behavior was encoded in our DNA. Most of us carry attitudes about sexuality that we learned when we were adolescents. We seldom take the time to update that information. As adults we operate on the basis of adolescent notions of sexuality. Ignorance is one of most effective deterrents to effective sexual functioning.


 


Human Sexuality

There are no rules for the human sexual response. We can respond to the same sex or the opposite sex. We can have a sexual response when we are alone or with someone. We respond to living beings and inanimate objects. Human sexuality includes all of the senses -- smell, touch, sound, sight, and taste. Sexuality involves imagination, fantasy, and imagery.

Boys tend to learn about their sexuality through locker-room talk, erotic magazines and movies, and trial and error. Girls gain their sexual knowledge through conversations with other girls and women, love stories and movies, and experience. Generally speaking, for men the sexual act is often a combination of pleasure, sexual release, and power. For women, sexuality is often intimacy, affection, and pleasure. Just think about the terms men and women use when referring to sex. Male terms tend to be aggressive, even hostile, while female terms are gentle, loving, and even spiritual. Women make love, men get laid.

These attitudes and values affect the manner in which the genders approach sexuality and, in large measure, contributes to their appreciation of the sex act. Furthermore, these values affect how men and women perceive themselves and how they view each other. Generally, men establish their identity through performance. From childhood through adulthood, they measure themselves by such things as how far they can spit, how fast they can run, how far they can throw a football, grade point average, penis size, salary size, staying power in bed, and the number of women they can "conquer." One way or another, performance matters. Women generally measure themselves by how attractive they are to men, the power held by the men that are attracted to them, and by how they are treated by these men. If men treat them kindly then they are good, if men treat them poorly they perceive themselves bad.

Men and women bring these attitudes into the bedroom, playing out their roles as performer and seductress. During love making, the male is concerned with whether he will perform well enough or whether he will fail. Rather than focusing on his loved one, he is concerned whether she will be pleased with his performance. She, on the other hand, is concerned with whether he will think she is attractive enough. Is her buttocks too big or are her breasts are too small?

The Dance of Sex

Love-making is similar to ballroom dancing. Each person may or may not be a good dancer. One person may be a great dancer and the other may not be terrific. However, it is how they dance together that matters. Some people can dance well alone, but not with a partner. To be beautiful and satisfying, ballroom dancing demands cooperation, communication, and consideration. One partner must not go on his or her own without communicating to the partner; and the partners must cooperate.

No couple expects to dance well together, no matter how well either one may dance alone, without practicing together. It does not matter how easy it might be to dance with other partners, one's current partner is the one that matters if you wish to become a good ballroom dance team.


All of this is true for love-making as well. Yet we often believe that good love-making should "come naturally," without education. We covet beliefs that somehow people should know how to make love together and should not have to talk about it or practice with the intent of improving our style so that it is mutually satisfying. Clearly, if your dance partner continuously stepped on your toes and was unwilling to discuss the matter, it would not take long before you either stop dancing or find a different partner. Yet the majority of couples do not communicate about their love-making and are not open to exploring their sexuality with one another. Even the most experienced lovers often practice poor love-making strategies. People, especially men, become defensive when their partner wants to discuss their sex life as if they were about to be criticized.

Communication between dance partners and lovers is essential for having a satisfying experience. The partners must frequently communicate verbally and non-verbally with one another in order to learn to anticipate each other's moves. With sufficient practice, the dance of love seems effortless. Lovemaking should be fun, playful, affectionate, intimate, and fulfilling. When something goes awry, either because of faulty communication, inappropriate attitudes, or antiquated beliefs, a sexual dysfunction may emerge.

Remember: most sex goes on between your ears, not between your legs! Good sex starts with a healthy attitude about sex.

The cardinal rules for good sex are:

  • respect your partner
  • adopt a healthy attitude
  • share your thoughts and feelings with your partner
  • talk about what you like and don't like
  • be honest
  • experiment
  • have fun and relax
  • practice.

Sexuality and Sex Therapy: Part 2 When There Is Sexual Dysfunction

Bob became increasingly embarrassed as he talked about his problem with premature ejaculation. He claimed that can only 'last' for two minutes and felt that he was not much of a man. His 'problem' has kept him from dating.


 


Sally was beside herself with fear as she harshly castigated herself for not being able to achieve orgasm. She feared she would lose her husband because of her 'condition.'

Most sexual dysfunction occurs because of faulty beliefs and attitudes about sexuality, poor habits, ignorance, and early experiences. There are some sexual dysfunctions that are precipitated by physiological, biological, or chemical factors. However, all physiological dysfunctions have a psychological component. When men are unable to obtain or maintain an erection, whether from physiological or psychological causes, they feel inferior, less manly. When a woman is unable to reach orgasm she feels less feminine. Therefore, in all cases of sexual dysfunction it is necessary to attend to the psychological aspects of the difficulty and what it means to the individual.

Physiological factors. Some of the more common non-psychological precipitants of sexual dysfunction include hormonal imbalance, medications, neurological impairment, substance abuse (even nicotine dependence can cause erectile dysfunction), alcohol dependency, physiological disorders, and even vitamin deficiency. Certain illnesses and medications can have side effects that affect sexual functioning including impotence and increased or decreased libido.

Many people prefer to think of only a medical approach to sexual dysfunction, since it is more acceptable to one's self-image to believe that there is an organic basis for the dysfunction. Even in those instances when there is a recognizable medical condition affecting sexual functioning, the psychological component cannot be overlooked. We all have varying psychological reactions to physical illness or impairment. This psychological reaction can exacerbate the physical problem. This is especially true for infertility problems. Most people who have difficulty conceiving a child choose to investigate the medical aspects to the exclusion of the psychological aspects. Yet we all know of many cases where a couple after years of frequenting the fertility clinics to no avail, finally decide to adopt a child only to conceive a few months afterward. This can suggest that psychological factors were at play.

Psychological factors. Most sexual dysfunctions have a psychosocial etiology. Dr. Helen Singer Kaplan states, "In a general sense we see the immediate causes of the sexual dysfunctions as arising from an anti-erotic environment created by the couple which is destructive to the sexuality of one or both. An ambiance of openness and trust allows the partners to abandon themselves fully to the erotic experience."

She lists four specific sources of anxiety and defenses against full sexual enjoyment: 1) Avoidance of or failure to engage in sexual behavior which is exciting and stimulating to both partners. 2) Fear of failure, exacerbated by pressure to perform, and overconcern about pleasing one's partner rooted in fears of rejection. 3) A tendency to erect defenses against erotic pleasure. 4) Failure to communicate openly and without guilt and defensiveness about feelings, wishes and responses. Psychological reactions to traumatic events also affect sexual functioning. For example, child molestation, rape, abuse all can contribute to later sexual dysfunction.


Common Sexual Dysfunctions

The following are the most common forms of sexual dysfunction. They are all treatable with a high probability of success.

Male Dysfunctions

Inhibited Sexual Desire.

Inhibited sexual desire or response refers to the lack of desire for erotic sexual contact. In almost all cases when there is a lack of sexual desire, the underlying causes are psychological in nature. Avoidance of sexual contact because of fears of rejection, failure, criticism, feelings of embarrassment or awkwardness, body image concerns, performance anxiety, anger towards a partner or women in general, lack of attraction towards a partner, all play a part in reducing or eliminating the sexual response. Most men are too uncomfortable to talk to their partner or anyone else about these issues, preferring to simply avoid sex or attribute their lack of sexual appetite to stress, worries, etc. Some of these men have a very active fantasy life and prefer the solitude of masturbation to the intimacy of sexual relations.

Premature Ejaculation.

Premature ejaculation is the most common dysfunction and it is the easiest to treat. Masters and Johnson define premature ejaculation as the inability to delay ejaculation long enough for the woman to orgasm fifty percent of the time. (If the woman is not able to have an orgasm for reasons other than the rapid ejaculation of her partner, this definition does not apply.) Other therapists define premature ejaculation as the inability to delay ejaculation for thirty-seconds to a minute after the penis enters the vagina.

For the most part, premature ejaculation most often occurs as a function of a learned response. Early sexual experiences were often hurried in nature. Even masturbatory activity had to be hurried for fear of being caught. From youth onward men have trained themselves to be more concerned with the end result and their own pleasure rather than with the sexual process and their partner. The object of sex for most of these men, was and often continues to be, ejaculating as quickly as possible. This rapid ejaculating pattern can easily become a way of life after even only a few episodes. It then begins to create a pattern of anxiety in the male each time he engages in coitus thus increasing the probability of it occurring. Fearful of displeasing their partner and feeling inadequate as a function of it, men often would rather avoid sex rather than experience the humiliation and discomfort.


 


Retarded Ejaculation or Ejaculatory Incompetence.

Ejaculatory incompetence is the opposite of premature ejaculation and refers to the inability to ejaculate inside the vagina. Men with this difficulty may be able to maintain an erection for 30 minutes to an hour, but because of psychological concerns about ejaculating inside a woman, they are not able to achieve orgasm. Usually they do not experience sexual intercourse as satisfying. One of the reasons this dysfunction goes undetected is because the male's partner is satisfied and often is able to achieve several orgasms as a function of the man's inability to ejaculate. Most of the men who suffer from retarded ejaculation can readily achieve orgasm through masturbation or in some cases through felatio. Many factors contribute to this condition, some of which are religious restrictions, fear of impregnating, and lack of physical interest or active dislike for the female partner. In addition such psychological factors as ambivalence toward one's partner, suppressed anger, fear of abandonment, or obsessional preoccupation also play a significant role in developing retarded ejaculation.

Primary Secondary Erectile Dysfunction.

Primary erectile dysfunction refers to a man who has never been able to maintain an erection for purposes of intercourse either with a female or a male, vaginally or rectally. In secondary impotence a man cannot maintain or perhaps even get an erection, but has succeeded at having either vaginal or rectal intercourse at least one time in his life. The occasional failure to get an erection is not to be confused with secondary impotence. Familial, societal, and intrapsychic factors contribute to primary impotence. Some of the more common influences are (1) performance anxiety, (2) a seductive relationship with a mother, (3) religious beliefs in sex as a sin, (4) traumatic initial failure, (5) anger toward women, and (6) fear of impregnating a woman.

Female Sexual Dysfunctions

General Dysfunction.

These female dysfunctions, according to noted sexologist, Dr. Helen Singer Kaplan, "are characterized by an inhibition in the general arousal aspect of the sexual response. On a psychological level there is a lack of erotic feelings." Manifested by lack of lubrication, her vagina does not expand, and "there is no formation of an orgasmic platform. She may also be inorgasmic. In other words, these women manifest a universal sexual inhibition which varies in intensity."


Orgastic Dysfunction.

The most common sexual complaint of women involves the specific inhibition of orgasm. Orgastic dysfunction refers solely to the impairment of the orgastic component of the female sexual response and not arousal in general. Nonorgastic women can become sexually aroused and in fact enjoy most other aspects of sexual arousal. Inhibition and guilt about masturbation, discomfort with one's body, and difficulty giving up control, contribute to orgastic dysfunction. With a combination of education and practice, most women can be taught to achieve orgasm.

Vaginismus.

This relatively rare sexual disorder is characterized by a conditioned spasm of the vaginal entrance. The vagina involuntarily closes down tight whenever entry is attempted, precluding sexual intercourse. Otherwise, vaginismic women are often sexually responsive and orgastic with clitoral stimulation. Similar attitudes to those found in impotent males are often found in these women. Religious taboos, physical assault, repressed or controlled anger, and a history of painful intercourse all contribute to this dysfunction.

Sexual Anesthesia.

Some women complain that they have no feelings on sexual stimulation, although they can enjoy the closeness and comfort of physical contact. Clitoral stimulation does not evoke erotic feelings though they do feel a sensation of being touched. Dr. Kaplan believes that sexual anesthesia is not a true sexual dysfunction, but rather represents a neurotic disturbance and should be treated through psychotherapy rather than sex therapy.

As with sexual dysfunctions in men, the female dysfunctions also have to be understood from a social, familial and psychological perspective. Attitudes, values, childhood experiences, adult trauma, all contribute to the sexual response in women. The attitudes and values of her partners, as well as their sexual technique, play a major role in the sexual response as well. An inept or mysogynistic lover can significantly affect the female response. Since a woman often does not want to "damage the male ego," she will try to accommodate her responsiveness to him often sacrificing her satisfaction in the process. She then builds up a secondary inhibition to sexual arousal in order to avoid the frustration accompanying an unsatisfying sexual experience. This inhibition or accommodation then becomes a habituated conditioned response.


 


Inhibited sexual desire.

As indicated above, inhibited sexual desire is almost always caused by psychological factors (some medications cause a reduction in sexual desire). Since women in our society are often more concerned with intimately connecting to their partner (as compared to men who are more often phallocentric and more concerned with orgasm), women become more sensitive to the psychological climate. When women feel that they are being used, exploited, misunderstood, rejected, unappreciated, and unattractive, their sexual desire will often be affected. Unexpressed anger and hurt can lead to depression, which affects desire. Sometimes these emotions are expressed in passive-aggressive ways, sexual withdrawal being one manifestation. Sexuality, especially for women, is more than a form of pleasure and release; it is a form of communication.

Sex Therapy

Sex therapy provides information and counseling on all aspects of human sexuality, including enhancing sexual pleasure, improving sexual technique, and learning about contraception and venereal diseases. Sex therapy is used in the treatment of all of the dysfunctions discussed earlier. In many cases treatment is relatively short, requiring specific techniques, homework, and practice. In some cases, the underlying issues are more complicated. They may require an exploration into historical and psychological factors, both conscious and unconscious, that are contributing to the dysfunction. However there is a very high probability of success, even in those cases, if people are motivated, cooperative, and willing to learn.

Unfortunately, most people would rather live with a sexual dysfunction and a less than satisfying sexual life than seek help. The embarrassment they feel in discussing their sex life with a professional is too great. There are others who have adjusted to their sex life and despite the fact that their spouse might be unhappy, they refuse to seek help. When these people hear that their spouse is unhappy about their sex life, they experience it as a criticism, become defensive, and often become either hurt or angry, rather than open themselves up to exploration with a sex therapist.

Four common causes of sexual dysfunction:

  1. Stress.
    Often unidentified, stress can produce temporary sexual dysfunction which can become permanent. Unfortunately, people often consider sexuality such a private matter that they are reluctant to discuss it with others. Even those who have had sexual difficulties as a consequence of disease or surgery, have difficulty seeking sex therapy to facilitate adjustment to the dysfunction. Many men prefer to needlessly avoid sex altogether rather than seek professional help. Their pride gets in the way of sexual satisfaction.

  2. Attitude.
    One of the most significant contributing factors in sexual dysfunction is your attitude toward the dysfunction. If you view it as a diminishing your self-worth and reflecting negatively on your overall value as a human being, sex therapy will take a little longer since we first have to overcome these initial feelings.

  3. Motivation.
    Another contributing factor is your motivation and that of your spouse or partner. Your partner's cooperation, participation, and support can accelerate the process and in many cases is essential for effective treatment. Remember, when one member of the dance team is impaired, the team is impaired. Sex therapy, like sex itself, is a cooperative venture.

  4. Performance anxiety.
    This is frequently a prime cause of sexual dysfunction. People become so preoccupied with their sexual performance or the performance of their partner, that they lose sight of the process. Enjoying the pleasure involved in being together, the pleasure of human touch, and the process of love making ought to be the primary focus. Many individuals are more concerned with their "reviews" than they are with whether they are enjoying themselves.

Many sexual problems aren't just about sex. Usually, there are some relationship issues that need to be worked out. That's where relational and sex therapy come together.

By: Dr. Edward A. Dreyfus is a Clinical Psychologist, Marriage, Family, Child Therapist, and Sex Therapist. Dr. Dreyfus has been providing psychological services in the Los Angeles-Santa Monica area for over 30 years. His book, Someone Right For Youis available when you click the link.

next: Relational and Sex Therapy

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). Sexuality and Sex Therapy: Part 1 and 2, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/sex/psychology-of-sex/sexuality-and-sex-therapy-part-1-and-2

Last Updated: April 9, 2016

The Sexual Surrogate

sex therapy

In modern Western societies, the messages about sex are extremely contradictory and confusing. We have no traditional rites of passage nor meaningful ceremonies to initiate young people into informed adult sexuality. I hoped that my work might establish standards that could help people of all ages have less confusion about sex and intimate relationships. Much to my professional satisfaction, there were several enlightened parents who paid for a full course of sexual surrogate assisted therapy so that their sons could be initiated into the wonders of their own sexuality. How lucky to have subsequently been those young men's girlfriends or wives! I often wished that parents would take that same enlightened view toward sexual initiation for their daughters, but it was not yet the time for that. I predict, however, that this day will eventually come.

Until recently, the message was very strong that sex should be limited to marriage and monogamy. Yet everyone knows this standard is continuously being broken. But more often than not, it is broken in secrecy and with guilt. Our standards are very hypocritical. What we say and what we do just don't jibe.

Mixed Messages

We are led to believe through the incessant references to sex in the media that we live in a society that condones open sexuality, but when examined more closely, most of what is shown on TV, in the movies, or in print is labeled "X-rated" or "for adults only," which implies that the sexual activities depicted are really not OK. And, although sexual innuendo sells everything from baby lotion to trucks, the link between sex and violence is more prevalent than the seductive soft sell.

The number of children sexually abused, the number of teenage pregnancies, the spread of Aids, the high incidence of rape, and the millions of people who are unhappy in their sex lives shows that in our supposedly open and free culture things have really gotten out of hand. The authorities who shape our attitudes toward Sex attempt to make us believe that these problems are caused by too much openness toward sexuality. Just the opposite is true. It is the unwarranted sexual repression that causes sexual exploitation and aberrant behavior. Both the stifling of sexuality and the inevitable rebellion against prudery and ignorance is what puts us at the mercy of our sexual urges rather than being personally in charge of our sexuality.


 


Using the argument that sex is natural and therefore need not be discussed and taught in the schools, on TV, or in sexual surrogate assisted therapy is most often just a cover for the attitude that any reference to sex is sinful. What in reality is sinful is not talking about sex, not respecting and honoring our natural sexual feelings. Condemning and preventing all attempts to learn what sex is really about is actually the root of the evil.

Sexual Surrogate Or Prostitute?

There are several major differences between what a sexual surrogate does and what we typically think of a prostitute doing. Frequently a prostitute provides only the sexual experiences that are asked of her. In many cases her job is simply to provide instant gratification. She may never see the client again.

A sex surrogate's main purpose, rather than just to provide sexual pleasure, is to educate the client in how to reverse specific sexual problems. And it is the therapist, not the sex surrogate or the client, who decides what activities are appropriate in view of the overall therapy. A course of therapy is likely to take several months or more. And, in most cases, sex (defined as genital stimulation and orgasm) is the least of it.

The fact that money is paid for the services of a prostitute, a sexual surrogate, or a sex therapist is not the issue. We live in a society where monetary exchange for goods and services is the rule. The intent of those who insist upon comparing sex surrogate assisted sex therapy with prostitution is to demean and discredit both. It is a reflection of our basically repressive culture regarding sexuality.

For The Greater Good

Nothing daunted my determination to become the very best sex therapist I possibly could. Helping people accept and respect their sexual urges as a natural part of life and helping them to have satisfying sex lives was compelling for me. As a child, I'd had several sexual experiences initiated by adult men. There had been no violence nor threats of violence. Yet I was sworn to secrecy and knew, from an uneasy place deep inside, that this was not socially acceptable behavior. The most traumatic part, however, was that I was blamed for being seductive and made to feel guilty.

From that time on, I searched for understanding about this most powerful of human energy: sex. I observed, asked questions, read everything I could get my hands on, and experimented wherever I could. In order to learn even more, I talked my husband into having an open relationship for a short while, in which either of us could, by mutual agreement, have other sexual partners. From all my searching, I could only conclude there was something radically wrong with the attitude toward sex in our culture. The most important thing I discovered was that, despite the fact that we are continually being bombarded by sexual images and sexual innuendoes, our society basically denies the value and beauty of sexuality. Therefore we are taught very little about it, being left to discover what little we can, through a great deal of fumbling and bumbling and embarrassment. What masquerades as sexual freedom is often only a rebellion against the lies, secrecy, hypocrisy, and ignorance about sex that our culture imposes upon us. We have been given the message that our sexual urges and attractions are bad. They are not. They are natural and beautiful. However, in our ignorance, how we act upon those urges is often what turns the sublime into the horrific!

Sex therapy utilizing experiential methods and surrogate partners became for me a way of making sex right both for myself and for my clients. I also hoped my work might have a redeeming influence upon some of the negative sexual attitudes in our culture. What is desperately needed are clear, unambiguous standards of sexual behavior that support the responsible and joyous expression of our sexuality. But this cannot be achieved in theory only. Such standards can only become effective through societally approved experiential learning. Surrogate-assisted therapy has proven to serve that purpose.

next: Sex Therapy with Survivors of Sexual Abuse

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). The Sexual Surrogate, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/sex/psychology-of-sex/sexual-surrogate

Last Updated: April 9, 2016

AIDS True Stories

Depressed and Hurting

My name is Aimee and I discovered I had AIDS on my 26th birthday this year.

I had a strange bruise-like spot on my left breast that continued to get bigger and bigger. Soon, it covered my entire breast. I went to 7 different doctors and no one knew what it was. I was admitted to hospitals, specialists took pictures and yet, it was a mystery. I went to a general surgeon on December 28, 2004 and had a biopsy done. He told me I would be OK. I had to get my stitches out on Thursday, Jan. 6, 2005---my 26th birthday. He told my mom and I that it was something called Kaposi's Sarcoma. Found only in end-stage AIDS patients. As you can imagine, my head was spinning. I had had an HIV test and a Hepatitis test in December and had not received word of the results. Thinking no news was good news, I assumed it was negative. It wasn't. The doctor just never contacted me to tell me the results.

I remember thinking that it was a nightmare and I would soon wake up. My family sat around and mourned for me. We all thought I was dead. I remember my dad crying out "My precious baby girl!" That was the first night I ever saw my dad get drunk. We just couldn't cope with the news. My family cried like wounded animals, and I was in a state of shock. I put the pieces together and now understood why I had been so very ill the last year. I had been hospitalized. I had shingles 3x and my hair was falling out. I had rashes on my skin that itched sooo bad. I would lay in bed for months at a time, having no energy. It would take everything I had just to get a shower and put make-up on. Doctors told me it was stress. I knew it was something serious, but never imagined AIDS.


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I went to an incredible Infectious Disease doctor who gave me my first ray of hope. He said it was no longer a death sentence, instead, a chronic disease and with a healthy lifestyle and medication, I could very easily live to be an old woman. WHAT? I was so excited. I had blood work done and my T-cell count was 15. My viral load was 750,000. I was almost dead. I weighed 95 lbs in contrast with my usual 130lbs. I started on the medications Sustiva and Truvada along with Bactrim and Zithromax. I've been on the meds now a month and a half and my T-call count is climbing! It was 160 last week and my viral load was 2,100. My doctor believes my viral load will soon be undetectable and my T-cell count over 200 in the next few months.

I have my life back. I've enrolled in grad school, run with my two dogs, work, work out at the gym, and enjoy life again. I'm even dating. If I can be brought back from near death......emotionally, spiritually and physically, then so can you! My outlook on life is this: Love as you've never loved before, dance as though nobody's watching, be truthful regardless of the cost and trust in yourself as well and the Lord. I am lucky enough to have a supportive family, friends and a love of the Lord that gets me through this. I am not angry.... saddened, yes, but not angry. I have forgiven those that I feel have done me wrong as I know the Lord will forgive me of my sins. I look forward to keeping in touch with all of you so when I dance at my children's' weddings. I will know I HAVE LIVED LIFE!

Imagine Loving Your Child

This story was originally written at Christmastime but its message, like that of Christmas, is important to remember every day. Used by permission of the author.

by Carol

Imagine loving your child, imagine being willing to do anything you could to protect your child, and now imagine knowing that this virus lives in your child, every day, every night, you can never escape and you can't let down your guard. Imagine, if it were YOUR child.

AIDS Stories: Imagine Loving Your ChildAs the holidays approach, we naturally think of children, happy, healthy children. We think of children enjoying Christmas and looking forward to many happy holidays. Unfortunately, some children, right here, children we pass every day, in the store, on the street, have AIDS. I know this because one of them is our son. He was born to a drug-addicted mother. She had AIDS and unknowingly passed the HIV virus to our child. We adopted him when he was 3 weeks old. Ten months later we found out he was HIV positive.

We live here, we worship here, we are your neighbors. And there are others, men, women and children who live here and who are in hiding. At Christmastime, with our thoughts turned to the greatest gift of all, I hoped and prayed that we could all come out of hiding and feel safe. How wonderful it would be to know that if our neighbors found out about our child, and about all the other people here who are living with AIDS, that our neighbors would still look at us the same way. Would people still smile at him if they knew?

People always smile at our son. He is a beautiful child, full of mischief and always smiling at everyone. His dignity, courage and his sense of humor shine through the nightmare of this disease. He has taught me much over the years that I have been blessed to be his mother. His father adores him. His brother loves him. Everyone who has gotten to know him is amazed by him. He is bright, he is funny, and he is brave. For a long time, he has beaten the odds.

All of us, straight, gay, male, female, adult and child are threatened by this virus. We may think that it could never affect us (I thought so too), but this isn't true. Most of us think we can reduce the risk of infection by our behavior which is true to some degree. But what is totally true is that it is impossible to reduce or eliminate the risk of affection by this disease. We can not predict which one of us will love someone that has AIDS.

When you walk down a street and see the many different houses, you can't tell if a home is inhabited by AIDS. It could be the home of one of your friends, a family member or a co-worker. Everyone is afraid to talk about it but it exists and we all need to help. The very people the most afraid to tell you, are the ones the most in need of your love, support and prayers.

We know there are others like our child in the community who face these same issues every day. They, like our child need your support in so many ways. People who are living with AIDS need, housing, emotional support, medical care, and the ability to live their lives with dignity. People with AIDS have many of the same dreams, hopes and plans that everyone else has. We certainly had plans and dreams for our child, and we still do.

In the time our child has been with us, with all the many people who have known and loved him, medical professionals, teachers, friends, countless others, not one has been infected by him, but all of us have been affected by him in wonderful ways. He has enriched our lives and taught us many lessons.

Reach out and learn about AIDS for our sake and your own. Please look into your hearts and remember us in prayer today.

About the Author

You can write Carol at MamaCinPa@aol.com. She especially welcomes mail from other parents of children with HIV/AIDS. She wrote "Imagine" in December 1996. It was first published on the web on July 31, 2000.

Andy died in Danville, Pennsylvania, Sept. 13, 2001. He was only 12 years old. Carol has written a memorial about him.


Life with Alex

by Richard

(November 5, 1997) -- As I passed by my son Alex's bedroom on the way to bed myself, I heard him crying. I opened the door and found him sitting in his room sobbing uncontrollably. I invited Alex to lay down beside me in my bed and put my arms around him to comfort him.

After a short time, my wife came up to bed and found me holding Alex and stroking his head. When Alex finally began to calm down, we asked him what he was crying about. He told us he was scared. We asked him if he'd had a nightmare. He said that he had not even been to sleep.

It turns out that he was not scared of a dream, he was scared of reality. He told us he was afraid of his past and even more frightened by what the future held. You see, Alex deals with a nightmarish reality every day of his life. Alex lives with the nightmare called AIDS.

The Beginning of Alex's Life

This story about a child with AIDS starts at the beginning of Alex's life. When Alex was born he was delivered by C-section due to complications in the birthing process. His mother, Catherine, experienced post operative bleeding. She received a massive blood transfusion and further exploratory surgery to find the source of the bleeding. By the day's end, she was in intensive care in a coma.

During her recovery, under the advice of the pediatricians, Cathie breast-fed Alex. She had no idea that she had been infected with HIV.


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Nearly 2 years later, Cathie decided that she had a debt to pay. She had received the gift of life from those who donated the blood she had received at Alex's birth. She went to the local office of the American Red Cross to return the good will she had received. After a few weeks, we received a call from the Red Cross asking her to return to their office. They told her that she had tested positive for HIV, the virus associated with AIDS.

Subsequent testing of Alex showed that he was also HIV positive. We presume that he was infected via mother's milk, a known path of infection from an HIV positive mother to her baby.

Alex's Childhood

Alex has had a fairly normal childhood up until the last year. In his infancy, Alex was oblivious to his problem. As a toddler, he began receiving monthly immunoglobulin infusions and taking Septra as a prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Despite these inconveniences, we did our best to see to it that Alex had as normal a life as possible.

Life was not so normal for my wife and I, however. Aside from having to live with the fact that both Cathie and Alex were infected with HIV and would probably reach a premature end, we also had to deal with the ignorance and hatred of many people. We were afraid to tell even close friends and family members of our problems for fear we would loose their friendship.

Since Cathie has worked outside of the home off and on through the years, at times, Alex required day care. We were asked to remove Alex from one day care center, he was refused admission to at least two others, and has been refused admission to two different schools, one run by a Catholic church and the other at a Protestant church, all because of his HIV status.

Even the local public school asked us to delay his admission so they could do training. We had given the school board several months notice that our child, who was HIV positive, would be attending school there.

At the age of 6, Alex was diagnosed to have AIDS due to a diagnosis of lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. As time went on, I found it increasingly difficult to remain silent about my family's problems and the ignorance we had faced in others. I'm not one to stick my head in the sand... I prefer tackling problems head on.

Going Public

With the support of my wife, I decided to go public with my family's story. I did this first by becoming a Red Cross HIV/AIDS Instructor. This, I felt would give me the opportunity to educate people of the facts concerning HIV and AIDS as well as an opportunity to share my personal story.

I took a week of vacation to attend the Red Cross course. During that week, I had to take Alex, now 7, to see his doctor at Children's Hospital. As we drove on the way to the hospital, I pointed out the Red Cross to Alex and told him that daddy was going to school there.

Alex looked very puzzled as he exclaimed, "But daddy! You're a grown-up! You're not supposed to go to school. What are you learning in school anyway?"

I told him that I was learning to teach people about AIDS. He pursued this a bit further asking what AIDS was. Apparently my explanation hit a little too close to home as I explained that AIDS was a disease that could make people very sick and they had to take lots of medicine. Ultimately, Alex asked me if he had AIDS. I have made it a point never to lie to my son, so I told him he did. It was one of the hardest things I have ever had to do. Alex only 7 years old, already was having to come to grips with his own mortality.

In the several years that have followed we have become increasingly public about our story. Our story has been reported, usually in conjunction with some fund raiser, in the local newspaper, television, radio, and even the Internet.

Alex has also made public appearances with us. As Alex got a little older we made something of a game out of learning the names of his medicines. Now Alex can be quite a ham (and a bit of a show off) in interviews. He knows AZT not only as AZT, Retrovir, or Zidovudine, but also as 3 deoxy 3-azidothymidine!

Alex has done very well so far. He is 11 now. During the last year he has been hospitalized 5 times. This sounds very grim. Of these hospitalizations, 4 were the result of side effects of drugs. Only one was the result of an opportunistic infection.


The Community of Faith and AIDS

The community of faith plays an important role in dealing with AIDS. First of all, though many churches might find this repugnant, education about at-risk behaviors including open and frank sex education is a moral imperative. The lives of our youth are at stake. Though the education of my own family may not have prevented their infection, the education of the blood donor who was infected might have saved both his life and the lives of my wife and son.

The health and welfare of those infected and affected by the AIDS pandemic does not end with receiving the necessary medicines and medical care. An important part of their health and welfare is their mental and spiritual well being. Though the church may not be able to save the lives of these people, they certainly can provide a source or spiritual support that could lead them to an even greater gift... the gift of faith that could lead to eternal life.

This year's World AIDS Day (1997) focused on Children Living in a World with AIDS. Alex has his own perspective from the viewpoint of a child living with AIDS with both of his parents. Still other children have the perspective of living without one or both of their parents. I know several children who have lost other relatives and friends who have a difficult time understanding why and how this has happened.


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Our focus is on Children Living in a World with AIDS, so let's take a moment to consider those children living in a community of faith with AIDS. My own son and I had a conversation that went something like this:

Alex: Daddy...(pause) I believe in miracles!

Dad: Well that's great son. Perhaps you should tell me more.

Alex: Well... God can work miracles, right?

Dad: That's right.

Alex: And Jesus worked miracles and could heal people the doctors couldn't make well, right?

Dad: That's right.

Alex: Then Jesus and God can kill the HIV in me and make me well.

People of faith across the world must work together to ensure that all of God's children have the opportunity to experience faith such as this. This is especially important for those that are living a real life nightmare like AIDS.

People living with AIDS, need love and caring as much as anyone. They need something that can give them comfort and peace.

I know the inner peace that faith in Jesus Christ can bring and the emptiness that can exist in the absence of that faith. Despite all of the problems that my family has experienced (or perhaps even because of them) and a nearly 20 year absence from church, I have had my faith restored. The example set by people ministering to my family as we learned to live with AIDS, has led me back to God. I know this is the greatest gift I could receive and, I know now, that this is the greatest gift I have to offer.

Ed. note:Richard's wife died on Nov. 19, 2000, as the result of liver problems brought on by AZT, her AIDS medication. Alex Cory has not been hospitalized since just before Christmas in 2001. He is now 20 and was diagnosed with AIDS in 1996.

A Personal Journey

by Terry Boyd
(died of AIDS in 1990)

(March, 1989) -- I vividly recall a night in December of January about a year ago. It was 6:00 P.M., very cold and getting dark. I was waiting for a bus to go home, standing behind a tree for protection from the wind. I had recently lost a friend to AIDS. From whatever measure of intuition God had given me, I knew suddenly and quite certainly that I also had AIDS. I stood behind the tree and cried. I was afraid. I was alone and I thought I had lost everything that was ever dear to me. In that place, it was very easy to imagine losing my home, my family, my friends, and my job. The possibility of dying under that tree, in the cold, utterly cut off from any human love seemed very real. I prayed through my tears. Over and over, I prayed: "Let this cup pass". But I knew. Several months later, in April, the doctor told me what I had discovered for myself.

Now, it is nearly a year. I am still here, still working, still living, still learning how to love. There are some inconveniences. This morning, just out of curiosity, I counted the number of pills I have to take during the course of a week. It came out to 112 assorted tablets and capsules. I go to the doctor once a month and find myself reassuring him that I feel quite well. He mutters to himself and rereads the latest laboratory results which show my immune system declining to zero.

My last T-Cell count was 10. A normal count is in the range of 800-1600. I have been fighting painful sores in my mouth that make eating difficult. But, frankly, food has always been more important to me than a little pain. I have had Thrush for a year. It never quite goes away. Recently, the doctor discovered the herpes virus had gotten hold of my system. There have been strange fungal infections. One was on my tongue. A biopsy caused my tongue to swell and I couldn't talk for a week making many of my dear friends secretly thankful. A way had been found to shut me up and they all reveled in the relative peace and quiet. Of course, there are night sweats, fevers, swollen lymph glands (no one told me they would be painful), and unbelievable fatigue. .

When I was growing up, I literally detested grubby, down-in-the- dirt sorts of work like changing the oil, digging in the garden, and hauling garbage to the dump. Later on, a friend, who was a psychiatrist, suggested I should accept a summer job at a lumber camp in the Northwest. He chuckled with sinister glee and suggested it might be a constructive emotional experience. This last year has been that constructive emotional experience I had avoided. Parts of it have been grubby and down-in-the-dirt and other parts have been life-changing. I cry more now. I laugh more now, too.


I have come to realize that my story is not in any way unique, nor is the fact that I will most likely die within two or three years. Like many of my brothers and sisters, I have had to come to terms with my own death, and the deaths of many of those I love.

My death will not be extraordinary. It occurs daily to others, just like me. And I have realized that death is not really the issue at all. The challenge of having AIDS is not dying of AIDS, but Living with AIDS. I didn't come to these realizations easily and, unfortunately, wasted precious time caught up in what I thought was the tragedy of my impending demise.

I still have a difficult time when someone I love is sick, in the hospital, or dies. We have all been to far too many funerals and many of us don't know how we will be able to find any more tears for the ones we continue to lose. In a story published recently about a man who lost his partner to AIDS, the man says that after Roger had died, he thought that just maybe the horror was over: that somehow it would all go away and everything could get back to the way it once was. But, just as he starts to think the horror is over, the telephone rings. I am crying as I write this because I have a very vivid picture in my mind of my partner making those same telephone calls.

We all know about the discrimination, fear, ignorance, hatred and cruelty attached to the AIDS epidemic. It sells newspapers and most of us read the newspaper and watch television. But I think there are a few things we continue to neglect.

Jonathan Mann, Director of the World Health Organization's Global Program on AIDS, recently spoke in my city. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that at least five million persons are currently infected with HIV. They also believe that twenty to thirty percent of those persons will go on to develop AIDS. Some medical experts at Walter Reed Hospital believe all persons infected will eventually develop symptoms.


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In Missouri, 862 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1982. If the WHO figures are applied, the number of those who are currently positive or who will go on to more serious symptoms is staggering. Our state of health reports that an average of six to seven percent of all those who are voluntarily tested test positive for the virus. Our local and state health departments are preparing for an explosion of cases in the next few years.

We often neglect those who test positive (those who are seropositive), but have no symptoms of AIDS. It does not take much imagination to envision the fear and depression that can result from learning you are infected with the AIDS virus. And, then, there are the families and loved ones of those who are sick or infected who must struggle with the same fears and depressions, often without a whit of support.

There is a major myth I would like to dispel. When we approach the AIDS crisis our first inclination is to search about for money to throw at the problem. I don't underestimate the importance of funds for services and research. But money will not solve, by itself, the problems of suffering, isolation and fear. You do not need to write a check: you need to care. If you do care, and if you have some money in your account, the check will follow naturally enough. But, first, you have to care.

The head of our local health department was quoted recently saying she believes there is a conspiracy of silence on AIDS. She reports that of the 187 deaths in this area, not one has listed AIDS as the cause of death in an obituary. It appears this conspiracy of silence involves those who have AIDS, or are infected with the virus, as well as the general public which still seems to have a difficult time discussing the subject.

Why is it, for example, that many of those actively involved in AIDS support services are the ones who have lost someone or know someone who has AIDS? I guess it is understandable. People are afraid. Another part of my constructive emotional experience has been to learn the value of honesty and straightforwardness. It is time for us to lose a lot of that useless baggage we carry around. You know the stuff ? that green bag that carries my attitude toward this person or that, or that big trunk containing my notions on this subject or that. So much useless baggage weighing us down. It's time for a new set of luggage. All we need is a small wallet and in our wallet we'll carry the really important stuff. We will have a little card that says:

Jesus answered, 'Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind'. This is the greatest and the most important commandment. The second most important is like it: 'Love your neighbor as yourself'.

And once a day, we'll open our little wallet and be reminded of what really matters.

Some time ago I had the opportunity to hear Bishop Melvin Wheatley speak. He addressed the difficulties the church has in discussing sexuality. He said (as best I can recall) that the church has difficulty discussing sexuality because it has difficulty discussing LOVE. And it has difficulty discussing love because it has difficulty discussing JOY. The AIDS crisis involves the very same issues. As a church, we have our work cutout, and it is going to be grubby, down-in-the-dirt work.

I think it is important for us always to make a special effort to concentrate on the heart of the matter: being a truly Christian people. Bishop Leontine Kelly said at the National Consultation on AIDS Ministries that we must remember there is nothing that can separate us from the love of God. I understand her to mean that absolutely nothing, not sexuality, not illness, not death can separate us from the love of God. You may ask, "What can I do?" The answer is relatively simple. You can share a meal, you can hold a hand, you can let someone cry on your shoulder, you can listen, you can just sit quietly with someone and watch television. You can hug, and care, and touch and love. Sometimes it's scary, but if I (with the Lord's help) can do it, so can you.

Back when I lost the first of my friends to AIDS, I knew that one friend, Don, had been sick. It seemed like he was in and out of the hospital with this and that and didn't seem to begetting any better. Finally, the doctors diagnosed AIDS. By the time he died, he had been affected with dementia and was blind. When his friends found out he had AIDS, many of us did not visit him while he was in the hospital. Yes, that included me. I was afraid not of catching AIDS, but of death. I knew I was at risk and that in looking at Don I could be looking at my own future. I thought I could ignore it, deny it, and it would go away. It didn't. The next time I saw Don was at his funeral. I am ashamed and I know that none of us, even those with AIDS, are exempt from the sins of denial and fear. If I had just one wish, just one, it would be that none of you would have to experience the death of a loved one before you realize the extent and seriousness of this crisis. What a terrible, terrible price to pay.


"What happens", you may ask, "when I get involved and I come to care about someone and, then, they die?" I understand the question. The wonderful part, though, is to understand the answer. I serve on my conference's AIDS Task Force. At a recent meeting I was trying to listen to several threads of discussion all at the same time when a woman (and a dear friend) spoke up. She had recently lost her brother to AIDS. She said quite directly that she was always amazed to see me and to see how well I was doing. She said she had become convinced that I was doing so well because I had been open about my AIDS diagnosis and because of the support, love and care I had received from those around me. She, then, turned to me and said she knew her brother would have lived longer if he had been able to get that same support and care, if somehow he hadn't felt so isolated and alone. She was right and I have come to realize how precious that care and support, that love, is. It has literally kept me alive.

How many people do you know who have saved a life? I tell you I know quite a few. You may ask, "What did they do, save a child from a burning building?" No, not exactly. "Well, did they pull someone out of a river?" Again, not exactly. "Well, what did they do?" When so many are so afraid, they sit next tome, they shake my hand, they hug me. They tell me they love me and that, if they could, they would do anything to make it easier for me. Knowing people like this has made my life a daily miracle. You can save a life, too. That life may only be a few months, or a year, or two years long, but you can save it just as surely as if you had reached into the river and pulled out someone who was drowning.

In my early days when I first "got religion", there were a couple of topics which fascinated me: mainly those which dealt with the presence of Christ. One of these topics was the old debate about the presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Catholics, for example, believe He is actually and physically present from the moment the elements are consecrated. I was, also, quite taken with certain passages in the Gospels, particularly in Matthew where someone asks Jesus, "When, Lord, did we ever see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you a drink? When did we ever see you a stranger and welcome you in our homes?" Jesus replies, "I tell you, whenever you did this for one of the least of these, you did it for me." And again, in Matthew, the statement that: "For where two or three come together in my name, I am there with them."


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I was, and probably still am, a religious innocent. I still harbor a childlike desire to really see Jesus, talk with Him, ask Him a few questions. So, the question of when and where Christ is actually present has always been important to me.

I can tell you truthfully that I have seen Christ. When I see someone holding a person with AIDS who is crying desperately, I know I am in the presence of holiness. I know Christ is present. He is there in those comforting arms. He is there in the tears. He is there in love, truly and fully. There stands my Savior. Critics notwithstanding, He is here in the church, in the person sitting next to me in the pew on Sunday, in my pastor who has shared tears with me on more than one occasion, in the widow at church who is helping us to set up an AIDS caring network. And you can be a part of that.

But, finally, you will be called upon to grieve; yet, you will know you have made a difference, and you will realize you have gained more than you could ever have given. An old, old story really . . . about 2,000 years old.

I am reminded about a song recently released titled: "In The Real World". Part of the lyrics read: "In dreams we do so many things. We set aside the rules we know and fly above the world so high, in great and shining rings. If only we could always live in dreams. If only we could make of life what in dreams, it seems. But in the real world we must say real good-byes, no matter if the love will live, it will never die. In the real world there are things that we can't change and endings come to us in ways that we can't rearrange."

When I was asked to contribute to this Focus Paper, it was suggested that I try to make it a statement of challenge to the church. I have no idea if I've accomplished that goal or not. It sometimes seems that a challenge should not be necessary since we are dealing with the most basic and fundamental tenets of our religion. If we cannot respond to those with AIDS (at whatever stage) as Christians, what is to become of us, what is to become of our church?

In the book, THAT MAN IS YOU, by Louis Evely, the author writes: "When you think of all those poor cold hearts and the equally cold sermons that bid them perform their Easter duty! Have they ever been told that there is a Holy Spirit? the Spirit of love and joy, of giving and sharing . . .; that they are invited to enter into that Spirit and communicate with Him; that He wants to keep them together . . . forever, in a body; that that's what we call "the Church"; and that that's what they have to discover if they're really to perform their Easter duty?"

Evely also tells this story:

"The good are densely clustered at the gate of heaven, eager to march in, sure of their reserved seats, keyed up and bursting with impatience. All at once a rumor starts spreading: 'It seems He is going to forgive those others, too!' For a minute, everyone is dumbfounded. They look at one another in disbelief, gasping and sputtering, 'After all the trouble I went through!' 'If only I'd have known this . . .' 'I just can't get over it!' Exasperated, they work themselves into a fury and start cursing God; and at that very instant they're damned. That was the final judgment, you see. They judged themselves, . . . Love appeared, and they refused to acknowledge it . . . . 'We don't approve of a heaven that's open to every Tom, Dick and Harry.' 'We spurn this God who lets everyone off.' 'We can't love a God who loves so foolishly.' And because they didn't love Love, they didn't recognize Him."

As we say in the Midwest, it's time to "hitch up your britches" and get involved. The consequences of not caring, not loving are much too severe. One final story. Soon after I had discovered I had AIDS, the most important person in my life brought home a small package of seeds. They were sunflowers. We lived in a small apartment with a tiny patio with a bare patch of earth - really more of a flower box than any sort of a garden. He said he was going to plant the sunflowers in the "garden". Okay, I thought. Our luck with growing things had never been tremendous, especially such large plants as pictured on the package in such a small plot of ground. And I had much more important fish to fry. I was, after all, dying of AIDS and I had never paid much attention to anything as mundane as flowers in a flower box.

He planted the seeds and they took hold. By summertime, they stood at least seven feet high with glorious, bright yellow blooms. The blossoms followed the sun religiously and the patio became a hive of activity as bees of all descriptions hovered relentlessly around the sunflowers. Out of row upon row w of apartments which were indistinguishable from one another, it was always easy for me to spot our patio with those great halos of yellow towering high above the fence. How precious those sunflowers became. I knew I was coming home: home to someone who loved me. When I saw those sunflowers, I knew that everything, in the end, would be alright.

For those of you who do care and find yourself ready to make this kind of Christian commitment, I would like it very much if you could come to my house. We wouldn't do a whole lot. We would just sit on kitchen chairs, have some iced tea, and watch the bees in the sunflowers.


Seeing the Face of AIDS: The Story of George Clark III

Seeing the Face of AIDS: The Story of George Clark IIIThe Covenant to Care program was founded because of personal encounters with the many faces of AIDS. A compelling instance was at the United Methodist National Consultation on AIDS Ministries in November 1987. At closing worship for that gathering, Cathie Lyons, then staff of Health and Welfare Ministries, suggested some images that would bind the participants together as persons of faith as they traveled home. One of her images reflected a question raised by George Clark III (right), a participant.

Earlier in the week, in a soft voice and thought-filled manner, George had disclosed that he had AIDS. Then he asked: "Would I be welcome in your local church, in your annual conference?" On the last day of the conference, Cathie responded publicly to his question: "George, I name you Legion, because in the life of this church you are many. The question you raise is manifold in its proportions. It is a question which must be addressed to every congregation and every conference in this church."

The face AIDS wears is both many and one. The face of AIDS is women and men, children, youth and adults. It is our sons and daughters, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives, mothers and fathers. Sometimes the face AIDS wears is that of a person without a home or a person in prison. Other times it's the face of a pregnant woman who is fearful she will pass HIV to her unborn child. Sometimes it's a baby or child who has no caregiver and little hope of adoption or being placed in foster care.


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Persons Living with AIDS (PLWAs) come from all walks of life. PLWAs represent all racial and ethnic groups, religious backgrounds, and countries of the world. Some are employed; others are underemployed or unemployed. Some are affected by other life-threatening situations such as poverty, domestic or societal violence, or intravenous drug use.

We should not be surprised that the many faces AIDS wears are, really, one and the same face. The one face that AIDS wears is always the face of a person created and loved by God.

The Story of George Clark IIIGeorge Clark III died on April 18, 1989 in Brooklyn, New York from the complications of AIDS. He was 29 years old. He was survived by his parents, his sister, other relatives and United Methodists across the country who were moved by the challenge George put to his church at the National Consultation on AIDS Ministries in 1987.

The story of George Clark III reminds us that every day another family, friend, community, or church learns that one of its own has AIDS. George's parents were en route to New York City when he died. George had hoped that the Reverend Arthur Brandenburg, who had been George's pastor in Pennsylvania, would be with him. George got his wish. Art was there, as was Mike, a gracious and kind man who had opened his home to George.

Art Brandenburg recalls that, at death, George was wearing a World Methodist Youth Fellowship T-shirt . . . and that the birds outside George's window stopped singing. . .

The photographs are of George Clark III serving communion and the communion table at the National Consultation on AIDS Ministries in 1987. They were taken by Nancy A. Carter.

next: Teens Living with AIDS: Three People's Stories

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). AIDS True Stories, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/sex/diseases/aids-true-stories

Last Updated: August 22, 2014

Have You Stopped Having Sex?

What are the possible reasons for losing interest in sex and what to do to help

 Couple_seduce
Have you gone off sex?

Many people go off sex for a while - especially during times of stress or after childbirth. But what if you don't regain your desire? Psychosexual therapist Paula Hall looks at the causes and solutions.

Losing interest

If you're single, or have made a conscious decision to be celibate, you may be quite happy without having sex for a while. But if you're in a relationship and you've just gone off it, not only are you missing out on the fun and intimacy sex can provide, but so is your partner. This can lead to powerful feelings of rejection and loss that can soon turn to resentment. Both partners can begin to doubt their sexuality and attractiveness.

Going off sex can be particularly disturbing for men. It's a common myth that men are always dying for it, so if you're not, both you and your partner maybe feeling left confused.


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Common causes

Low sexual desire is rapidly becoming the most common issue treated in psychosexual therapy. There are a number of reasons why someone may initially go off sex, but often what happens is that even when the original cause has long gone, couples may find it very difficult to restart their sexual relationship.

In some cases, going off sex may start as a symptom of another sexual problem. For example: difficulty reaching orgasm, impotence or painful intercourse. If this maybe the cause, read the information on those conditions too.

For a few, the problem may be physical. But in the majority of cases it's the result of negative thoughts or feelings. The most common ones are:

  • Poor self-esteem. If you don't feel good about yourself you'll find it difficult to see yourself as a sexual person. Your partner will be seeing a very private side of you and that takes confidence.
  • Relationship issues. If you're feeling angry, upset or in any way insecure about your relationship, you need to address these issues before you can expect to feel sexual towards your partner. Try talking things through with them or going for couple counseling. Some couples struggle to feel desire for their partner because they say they feel too close. The relationship feels too much like brother and sister and sex may feel inappropriate. Sex therapy can help these couples see each other in a new light.
  • Partner problems. It's a sensitive subject, but a common cause of going off sex is a partner who turns you off. It might be a physical or hygiene issue, perhaps they have a habit that makes you switch off or they're not a very skilled lover. Honesty is the only way to get round this. (See I'd like you to... for some tips.)
  • Bad experiences. An inhibited childhood or a particular traumatic experience might have left you with negative feelings about sex.
  • Fears. There may be powerful fears of pregnancy or getting an infection. Talking through these things with your partner or a counselor may help.

Other possible reasons

Any illness, disability or change in your lifestyle that leaves you tired, in pain or feeling low about yourself will have an indirect affect on your sex drive. The following have a direct effect:

  • depression
  • childbirth
  • alcohol and drug abuse
  • illness or damage to testes or ovaries, which can affect hormone production
  • illnesses such as some pituitary conditions, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis or stress certain prescription drugs

You may find it useful to see your GP if any of the above apply.

Tips for increasing desire

  • Relax. This is the most important thing you can do. Have a bath, use deep-breathing techniques or buy a relaxation tape.
  • Check your environment. Be sure there are no distractions to you becoming aroused and that the atmosphere suits your mood.
  • Exercise your pelvic floor. This will increase the blood flow to your genital area and make you more conscious of any sensations of physical arousal.
  • Try using fantasy. Get yourself in the mood by slipping into a favorite fantasy.
  • Enjoy being sensual before you're sexual. Take your time and allow your body focus on the pleasurable sensations of touch.
  • Change your view. Get sex into the forefront of your mind by reading or watching something more raunchy than you'd normally choose.
  • Focus on positives. If there's something about your partner or yourself you don't like, don't think about it. Force yourself to look at and think about the positives, instead.
  • Stimulate your sympathetic nervous system. Exercise, watch a scary movie, go on a roller coaster - anything that will speed up your heart rate. Research suggests that 15 to 30 minutes later your body is more sexually responsive.

See the practical exercises section for more information.

Further help

If none of the self-help techniques work for you, you might want to ask your GP for advice. Alternatively, the support and guidance of a psychosexual therapist may help.

Books

The Sex Starved Marriage, Michele Weiner Davis (Simon and Schuster UK)

Rekindling Desire: A Step by Step Program to Help Low-Sex and No-Sex Marriages

Rekindling Desire: A Step by Step Program to Help Low-Sex and No-Sex Marriages Barry McCarthy, Emily McCarthy (Brunner Routledge)

Related Information:

next: Difficulty Reaching Orgasm

APA Reference
Staff, H. (2008, December 11). Have You Stopped Having Sex?, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/sex/enjoying-sex/have-you-stopped-having-sex

Last Updated: August 22, 2014

Getting Help for Anorexia and Bulimia

Recognizing the problem in anorexia nervosa

In anorexia nervosa, family members are often the first to notice that something is wrong. Here is what you can do to get help for anorexia or bulimia.In anorexia nervosa, family members are often the first to notice that something is wrong. They notice that you are thin and continuing to lose weight. They become worried, and may be alarmed by your weight loss. You will probably continue to think that you are over-weight and will want to lose more weight. You may find yourself lying to other people about the amount you are eating, and the weight you are losing. If you have bulimia nervosa, you will probably feel guilty and ashamed of your behavior. You will try to hide it, even if it affects your work and makes it difficult to lead an active social life. People with bulimia often find that they finally admit to the problem when their life changes, perhaps a new relationship, or starting to live with other people. It can be a huge relief when this happens.

Getting the right help for anorexia

Your general practitioner can refer you to a counsellor, psychiatrist or psychologist who has experience with these problems. Some people choose private therapists, self-help groups or clinics, but it is still safest to let your GP know what is happening. You will need to have a regular physical health check.

Assessment

The psychiatrist or psychologist will first want to talk with you to find out when the problem started and how it developed. You will need to talk frankly about your life and feelings. You will be weighed and, depending on how much weight you've lost, you may need a physical examination and blood tests. With your permission, the psychiatrist will probably want to talk with your family, (and perhaps a friend), to see what light they can shed on the problem. However.. if you do not want other members of the family involved, even very young patients have a right to confidentiality. This may sometimes be appropriate because of abuse or stress in the family.

Self-help for anorexia and bulimia

  • Bulimia can sometimes be tackled using a self-help manual with occasional guidance from a therapist.
  • Anorexia usually needs more organized help from a clinic or therapist. It is still worth getting as much anorexia information as you can about the options so that you can make the best choices for yourself.
Things to do

In anorexia nervosa, family members are often the first to notice that something is wrong. Here is what you can do to get help for anorexia or bulimia.

Stick to regular mealtimes - breakfast, lunch and dinner. If your weight is too low, have morning, afternoon and night-time snacks.

  • If you can't manage this, try to think of one small step you could take towards a more healthy way of eating. For instance, you may be unable to eat breakfast. To start with, get into the routine of sitting at the table for a few minutes at breakfast time, and perhaps drink a glass of water. When you have got used to doing this, try having just a little to eat, even half a slice of toast - but do it every day.
  • Keep a diary of what you eat, when you eat it, and what your thoughts and feelings have been every day. You can use your diary to see if there seems to be any connection between how you feel, what you are thinking about, and how you eat
  • Try to be honest about what you are or are not eating, both with yourself and with other people.
  • Remind yourself that you don't have to be achieving things all the time- let yourself off the hook sometimes. Remind yourself that, if you lose more weight, you will feel more anxious and depressed.
  • Make two lists - one of what your eating disorder has given you, one of what you have lost by it. A self-help book can help you to do this.
  • Try to be kind to your body, don't punish it.
  • Make sure you know what a reasonable weight is for you, and that you understand why.
  • Read about stories of other people's experiences of recovery. You can find these in self-help books or on the internet.
  • Think about joining a self-help group. Your GP may be able to recommend one or you can contact the Eating Disorders Association (see overleaf).
Things NOT to do
  • Don't weigh yourself more than once a week.
  • Don't spend time checking your body and looking at yourself in the mirror. Nobody is perfect. The longer you look at yourself, the more likely you are to find something you don't like. Constant checking can make the most attractive person unhappy with the way they look.
  • Don't cut yourself off from family and friends. You may want to because they think you are too thin, but they can be a lifeline.

  • Avoid websites that encourage you to lose weight and stay at a very low body weight. They encourage you to damage your health, but won't do anything to help when you fall ill.

What if I don't have any help or don't change my eating habits?

Most people with a serious eating disorder will end up having some sort of eating disorder treatment, so it is not clear what will happen if nothing is done. However, it looks as though most people with an established eating disorder will continue with it. Some sufferers will die, but this is less likely if you do not vomit, use laxatives or drink alcohol.


Professional help Anorexia

You need to get back to somewhere near a normal weight. To help with this, you and your family will first need information. What is a 'normal' weight for you? How many calories are needed each day to get there? You may ask, "How can I make sure that I don't become fat again ?" and "How can I be sure that I will be able to control my eating?" At first, you probably won't want to think about getting back to a normal weight, but you will want to feel better.

  • If you are still living at home, your parents may get the job of checking what food you are eating, at least at first. This involves making sure that you have regular meals with the rest of the family, and that you get enough calories. Mounds of lettuce can be very deceptive! You will see a therapist regularly, both to check your weight and for support.
  • Dealing with this problem can be stressful for everyone concerned and your family may need support to cope with an eating disorder. This doesn't necessarily mean that the whole family has to come to therapy sessions together (although this can be very helpful for younger patients). It does mean that your family may need help to understand and cope with the anorexia.
  • It will be important to discuss anything that may be upsetting you, such as how to get on with the opposite sex, school, self-consciousness, or any family problems. Although it is important to be able to talk things over confidentially, sometimes a therapist may need to discuss things with you and your family together.

Psychotherapy or counseling

  • This involves spending time regularly, probably about one hour every week, with a therapist to talk about your thoughts and feelings. It can help you to understand how your problem started, and then how you can change some of the ways you think about things. You can talk about the present, the past, and your hopes for the future. It can be upsetting to talk about some things, but a good therapist will help you to do this in a way which helps you to feel better about yourself.
  • Sometimes it can be done in a small group of people with similar problems, in sessions lasting around 90 minutes.
  • Other members of your family can be included, with your permission. They may also be seen separately for sessions to help them understand what has happened to you, how they can work together with you, and how they can cope with the situation.
  • Treatment of this sort can last for months or years.
  • Only if these simple steps do not work, or if you are dangerously underweight, will the doctor suggest admission to hospital.

Hospital treatment

This consists of much the same combination of controlling eating and talking about problems, only in a more supervised and concentrated way.

Physical health

  • Blood tests will be done to check whether you have become so under-nourished that you are anaemic or at risk of infection.
  • Your weight will be regularly checked to make sure that you are slowly getting back to a healthy weight.

Advice and help with eating

  • A dietician may meet with you to discuss healthy eating - about how much you eat and whether you are getting all the nutrients you need to stay healthy.
  • You can only get back to a healthy weight by eating more, and this may be very difficult at first. You will be encouraged to eat regularly, but also helped to deal with the anxiety this causes you. Staff will help you to set targets and to deal with the fear of losing control of your eating.
  • Gaining weight is not the same thing as recovery - but you can't recover without first gaining weight. If you are starved, you won't be able to think clearly or concentrate properly.

Compulsory treatment

This is unusual. It is only done if someone has become so unwell that he or she:

  • cannot make proper decisions for themselves
  • needs to be protected from serious harm. In anorexia, this can happen if your weight is so low that your health (or life) is in danger and your thinking has been severely affected by the weight loss.

How effective is the treatment?

More than half of sufferers make a recovery, although they will on average be ill for five to six years. Full recovery can happen even after 20 years of severe anorexia nervosa. .Past studies of the most severe cases admitted to hospital have suggested that one in five of these may die. With up-to-date care, the death rate is much lower if the person stays in touch with medical care. .As long as the heart and other vital organs have not been damaged, most of the complications of starvation (even bone and fertility problems) seem to recover slowly, once a person is eating enough.

Bulimia:

Psychotherapy

Two kinds of psychotherapy have been shown to be effective in bulimia nervosa. They are both given in weekly sessions over about 20 weeks.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

This is usually done with an individual therapist, but can be done with a self-help book, group sessions or even self-help CD-ROMs.CBT helps you to look at your thoughts and feelings in detail. You may need to keep a diary of your eating habits to help find out what triggers your binges. You can then work out better ways of thinking about, and dealing with these situations or feelings.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

This is also usually done with an individual therapist, but concentrates more on your relationships with other people. You may have lost a friend, a loved one may have died, or you may have been through a big change in your life. It will help you to rebuild supportive relationships that can meet your emotional needs better than eating.

Eating advice

The aim is for you to get back to eating regularly, so you can maintain a steady weight without starving or vomiting. You may need to see a dietician for advice about a healthy, balanced diet. A guide such as "Getting Better BITE by BITE" (see references) can be helpful.

Medication

Even if you are not depressed, SSRI antidepressants can reduce the urge to binge eat. This can reduce your symptoms in 2-3 weeks, and provide a "kick start" to psychotherapy. Unfortunately, without the other forms of help, the benefits wear off after a while. Medication is useful, but not a complete or lasting answer.

How effective is the treatment?

  • About half of sufferers recover, cutting their binge eating and purging by half. This is not a complete cure, but can enable someone to get back some control of their life, with less interference from their eating problem.
  • The outcome is worse if you also have problems with drugs, alcohol or harming yourself.
  • CBT and IPT work just as effectively over a year, although CBT seems to start to work a bit sooner.
  • There is some evidence that a combination of medication and psychotherapy is more effective than either treatment on its own. .Recovery usually takes place slowly over a few months, or even years.
  • Long-term complications include damaged teeth, heart burn, and indigestion. A small number of people will have epileptic fits.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists also produces mental health information for patients, carers and professionals including: Alcohol and Depression, Anxiety and Phobias, Bereavement, Depression, Depression in Older Adults, Manic Depression, Memory and Dementia, Men Behaving Sadly, Physical Illness and Mental Health, Postnatal Depression, Schizophrenia, Social Phobias, Surviving Adolescence and Tiredness.

The College also produces factsheets on treatments in psychiatry such as Antidepressants, and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. All these can be downloaded from this website. For a catalogue of our materials for the general public, contact the Leaflets Department, Royal College of Psychiatrists, 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG. Tel: 020 7235 2351 ext.259; Fax: 020 7235 1935; E-mail: leaflets@rcpsych.ac.uk.

Organisations that can help

Eating Disorders Association, 103 Prince of Wales Road, Norwich NR1 1DW Helpline: 01603-621-414; Monday to Friday, 9.00 am to 6.30 pm Youth Helpline: 01603-765-050; Monday to Friday, 4.00 pm to 6.00 pm www.edauk.com. Provides information and help on all aspects of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating and related eating disorders.

NHS Direct 0845 4647 www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk. Provides information and advice on all health topics.

Patient UK. www.patient.co.uk. Provides information on leaflets, support groups, and a directory of UK websites on all aspects of health and disease.

Young Minds, 102 - 108 Clerkenwell Rd, London EC1M 5SA; Parents Information Line: 0800 018 2138; www.youngminds.org.uk. Provides information and advice on child mental health issues.

Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, inc www.anred.com/slf_hlp.html. Website with information on eating disorders. 17

Books

Breaking free from Anorexia Nervosa: A Survival Guide for Families, Friends and Sufferers, Janet Treasure (Psychology Press)

Overcoming Anorexia Nervosa: A self-help guide using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques, Christopher Freeman and Peter Cooper (Constable & Robinson)

Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-eating: A guide to recovery, Peter Cooper and Christopher Fairburn (Constable & Robinson)

Overcoming Binge Eating, Christopher G Fairburn (Guildford Press)

Getting Better BITE by BITE: A Survival Kit for Sufferers of Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorders, Ulrike Schmidt and Janet Treasure (Psychology Press)

References

Agras, W. S., Walsh, B.T., Fairburn, C. G., et al (2000) A multicentre comparison of cognitive-behavioural therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 459-466.

Bacaltchuk J., Hay P., Trefiglio R. Antidepressants versus psychological treatments and their combination for bulimia nervosa (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2003.

Eisler, I., Dare, C., Russell, G. F. M., et al (1997) Family and individual therapy in anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 1025-1030.

Eisler, I., Dare, C., Hodes, M., et al (2000) Family therapy for anorexia nervosa in adolescents: the results of a controlled comparison of two family interventions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41,727-736.

Fairburn, C. G., Norman, P.A., Welch, S. L., et al (1995) A prospective study of outcome in bulimia nervosa and the long-term effects of three psychological treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 304-312.

Hay, P. J., & Bacaltchuk, J. (2001) Psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa and bingeing (Cochrane Review) In The Cochrane Library Issue 1.

Lowe, B., Zipfel, S., Buchholz, C., Dupont, Y., Reas D.L. & Herzog W. (2001). Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa in a prospective 21-year follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 31, 881-890.

Theander, S. (1985) Outcome and prognosis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Some results of previous investigations compared with those of a Swedish long-term study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 19, 493-508.

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APA Reference
Tracy, N. (2008, December 11). Getting Help for Anorexia and Bulimia, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, October 5 from https://www.healthyplace.com/eating-disorders/articles/getting-help-for-anorexia-and-bulimia

Last Updated: January 14, 2014